Lots of owork on a calculator example, transparency, etc.

Cargo.lock

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "arrayvec",
  "log",
- "nom",
+ "nom 8.0.0",
  "num-rational",
  "v_frame",
 ]
@@ -253,6 +253,17 @@ version = "1.11.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1e748733b7cbc798e1434b6ac524f0c1ff2ab456fe201501e6497c8417a4fc33"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "calculator"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "meval",
+ "ruin-runtime",
+ "ruin_app",
+ "ruin_ui",
+ "tracing-subscriber",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cast"
 version = "0.3.0"
@@ -606,6 +617,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "miniz_oxide",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fnv"
+version = "1.0.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3f9eec918d3f24069decb9af1554cad7c880e2da24a9afd88aca000531ab82c1"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "foldhash"
 version = "0.1.5"
@@ -834,6 +851,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "foldhash 0.2.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hashbrown"
+version = "0.17.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4f467dd6dccf739c208452f8014c75c18bb8301b050ad1cfb27153803edb0f51"
+dependencies = [
+ "allocator-api2",
+ "equivalent",
+ "foldhash 0.2.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hermit-abi"
 version = "0.5.2"
@@ -1165,6 +1193,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "meval"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f79496a5651c8d57cd033c5add8ca7ee4e3d5f7587a4777484640d9cb60392d9"
+dependencies = [
+ "fnv",
+ "nom 1.2.4",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "miniz_oxide"
 version = "0.8.9"
@@ -1226,6 +1264,12 @@ version = "1.0.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "650eef8c711430f1a879fdd01d4745a7deea475becfb90269c06775983bbf086"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "nom"
+version = "1.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a5b8c256fd9471521bcb84c3cdba98921497f1a331cbc15b8030fc63b82050ce"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "nom"
 version = "8.0.0"
@@ -1241,6 +1285,15 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0676bb32a98c1a483ce53e500a81ad9c3d5b3f7c920c28c24e9cb0980d0b5bc8"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "nu-ansi-term"
+version = "0.50.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7957b9740744892f114936ab4a57b3f487491bbeafaf8083688b16841a4240e5"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-bigint"
 version = "0.4.6"
@@ -1793,6 +1846,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ruin-reactivity-parsing"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "ruin-runtime",
+ "ruin_reactivity",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ruin-runtime"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -1831,6 +1892,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "ruin_reactivity"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "hashbrown 0.17.0",
  "ruin-runtime",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-subscriber",
@@ -2257,6 +2319,18 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "db97caf9d906fbde555dd62fa95ddba9eecfd14cb388e4f491a66d74cd5fb79a"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
+ "valuable",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tracing-log"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ee855f1f400bd0e5c02d150ae5de3840039a3f54b025156404e34c23c03f47c3"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+ "once_cell",
+ "tracing-core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2266,12 +2340,15 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cb7f578e5945fb242538965c2d0b04418d38ec25c79d160cd279bf0731c8d319"
 dependencies = [
  "matchers",
+ "nu-ansi-term",
  "once_cell",
  "regex-automata",
  "sharded-slab",
+ "smallvec",
  "thread_local",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-core",
+ "tracing-log",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2336,6 +2413,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "valuable"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ba73ea9cf16a25df0c8caa16c51acb937d5712a8429db78a3ee29d5dcacd3a65"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "version_check"
 version = "0.9.5"

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# RUIN - Rust Native Application Framework
+
+A layered architecture for fast, native, cross-platform applications.
+
+RUIN is a modern asynchronous runtime for interactive Rust applications on personal computers. It has a simple
+threading and scheduling model, fast asynchronous I/O (io_uring on Linux, kqueue on macOS, and IOCP on windows),
+and several libraries to enable building modern, reactive applications.
+
+## Runtime
+
+RUIN's core runtime is provided in [`ruin-runtime`](./lib/runtime/).
+
+The runtime is non-workstealing with no threadpool. When a RUIN application starts, it runs a simple event loop on the
+main thread.

examples/calculator/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[package]
+name = "calculator"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "calculator"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+ruin_app     = { path = "../../lib/ruin_app" }
+ruin_ui      = { path = "../../lib/ui" }
+ruin-runtime = { path = "../../lib/runtime" }
+meval        = "0.2"
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }

examples/calculator/src/components.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+use ruin_app::prelude::*;
+use ruin_ui::{BoxShadow, BoxShadowKind, Point, TextFontFamily};
+
+use crate::state::{CalcMode, CalcState};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Display panel
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#[component]
+pub fn Display(state: CalcState) -> impl IntoView {
+    let expression = state.expression.clone();
+    let is_error = state.is_error.clone();
+    let history = state.history.clone();
+
+    let result_color = use_memo({
+        let is_error = is_error.clone();
+        move || {
+            if is_error.get() {
+                Color::rgba(200, 30, 30, 245)
+            } else {
+                Color::rgba(20, 140, 20, 245)
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    let result_text = use_memo({
+        let result = state.result.clone();
+        move || {
+            let r = result.get();
+            if r.is_empty() { " ".to_string() } else { format!("= {r}") }
+        }
+    });
+
+    view! {
+        block(
+            padding = 12.0,
+            gap = 8.0,
+            // min_height (content) sized to cover scroll_box + expression + result lines
+            // so the window auto-sizes correctly despite text min-size being 0.
+            // Content: scroll_box(100) + expr_text(31) + result_text(20) + 2×gap(16) = 167
+            min_height = 167.0,
+            align_self = AlignItems::Stretch,
+            align_items = AlignItems::End,
+            background = Color::rgba(255, 255, 255, 200),
+            border_radius = 12.0,
+            border = (1.0, Color::rgba(0, 0, 0, 60)),
+            shadow = BoxShadow::new(Point::new(2.0, 2.0), 8.0, 2.0, Color::rgba(0, 0, 0, 40), BoxShadowKind::Outer),
+        ) {
+            block(flex = 1.0, min_height = 0.0) {}
+
+            // History (oldest at top, newest at bottom, scrollable)
+            scroll_box(
+                height = 100.0,
+                offset_y = state.history_scroll.clone(),
+                align_self = AlignItems::Stretch,
+            ) {
+                column(padding = 4.0, gap = 2.0, align_items = AlignItems::End) {
+                    history.with(|entries| {
+                        entries
+                            .iter()
+                            .rev()
+                            .map(|e| {
+                                let expr = e.expression.clone();
+                                let res = e.result.clone();
+                                let s = state.clone();
+                                let res_for_press = res.clone();
+                                view! {
+                                    button(
+                                        align_self = AlignItems::End,
+                                        padding = 4.0,
+                                        background = Color::rgba(0, 0, 0, 0),
+                                        border_radius = 4.0,
+                                        on_press = move |_| s.use_history_result(res_for_press.clone()),
+                                    ) {
+                                        row(gap = 6.0, align_self = AlignItems::End) {
+                                            text(size = 12.0, color = Color::rgba(0, 0, 0, 200), font_family = TextFontFamily::Monospace, wrap = TextWrap::None, weight = FontWeight::Normal) {
+                                                expr.clone()
+                                            }
+                                            text(size = 12.0, color = Color::rgba(20, 130, 20, 230), font_family = TextFontFamily::Monospace, wrap = TextWrap::None, weight = FontWeight::Normal) {
+                                                format!("= {res}")
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            })
+                            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                    })
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Current expression
+            text(
+                size = 26.0,
+                font_family = TextFontFamily::Monospace,
+                color = Color::rgba(0, 0, 0, 245),
+                wrap = TextWrap::None,
+                weight = FontWeight::Normal,
+                pointer_events = false,
+            ) {
+                expression.get()
+            }
+
+            // Result / error line
+            if is_error.get() {
+                view! {
+                    text(
+                        size = 16.0,
+                        font_family = TextFontFamily::Monospace,
+                        color = result_color.get(),
+                        wrap = TextWrap::None,
+                        weight = FontWeight::Normal,
+                        pointer_events = false,
+                    ) {
+                        result_text.get()
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                view! {
+                    block(min_height = 0.0) {}
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Mode toggle
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#[component]
+pub fn ModeToggle(state: CalcState) -> impl IntoView {
+    let mode = state.mode.clone();
+
+    view! {
+        row(gap = 6.0, align_self = AlignItems::Stretch) {
+            toggle_button("Basic", mode.get() == CalcMode::Basic, {
+                let state = state.clone();
+                move || state.toggle_mode()
+            })
+            toggle_button("Scientific", mode.get() == CalcMode::Scientific, {
+                let state = state.clone();
+                move || state.toggle_mode()
+            })
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Button helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+fn calc_button(label: String, bg: Color, on_press: impl Fn() + 'static) -> View {
+    let widget_ref = use_widget_ref::<BlockWidget>();
+    let interaction = use_interaction_state(widget_ref.clone());
+
+    button()
+        .widget_ref(widget_ref)
+        .flex(1.0)
+        .min_width(54.0)
+        // min_height = content height for 20px bold text (20 * 1.2 = 24).
+        // This matches the actual rendered line height so window sizing is accurate
+        // and the text is visually centered by the symmetric 8px top/bottom padding.
+        .min_height(24.0)
+        .padding(Edges::symmetric(8.0, 12.0))
+        .align_items(AlignItems::Center)
+        .background(interactive_background(bg, interaction))
+        .border_radius(8.0)
+        .border((0.5, interactive_border(interaction)))
+        .shadow(interactive_shadow(interaction))
+        .on_press(move |_| on_press())
+        .children(
+            text()
+                .size(20.0)
+                .weight(FontWeight::Bold)
+                .selectable(false)
+                .pointer_events(false)
+                .children(label),
+        )
+}
+
+fn btn_row(buttons: Vec<View>) -> View {
+    row().gap(6.0).children(buttons)
+}
+
+fn toggle_button(label: &'static str, active: bool, on_press: impl Fn() + 'static) -> View {
+    let widget_ref = use_widget_ref::<BlockWidget>();
+    let interaction = use_interaction_state(widget_ref.clone());
+    let base = if active {
+        Color::rgba(60, 100, 220, 180)
+    } else {
+        Color::rgba(255, 255, 255, 90)
+    };
+
+    button()
+        .widget_ref(widget_ref)
+        .flex(1.0)
+        .padding(8.0)
+        .min_height(17.0)
+        .align_items(AlignItems::Center)
+        .background(interactive_background(base, interaction))
+        .border_radius(8.0)
+        .border((0.5, interactive_border(interaction)))
+        .shadow(interactive_shadow(interaction))
+        .on_press(move |_| on_press())
+        .children(
+            text()
+                .size(14.0)
+                .weight(FontWeight::Bold)
+                .selectable(false)
+                .pointer_events(false)
+                .children(label),
+        )
+}
+
+fn interactive_background(base: Color, interaction: InteractionState) -> Color {
+    if interaction.pressed {
+        mix(base, Color::BLACK, 0.22)
+    } else if interaction.hovered {
+        mix(base, Color::WHITE, 0.22)
+    } else {
+        base
+    }
+}
+
+fn interactive_border(interaction: InteractionState) -> Color {
+    if interaction.pressed {
+        Color::rgba(0, 0, 0, 96)
+    } else if interaction.hovered {
+        Color::rgba(0, 0, 0, 72)
+    } else {
+        Color::rgba(0, 0, 0, 35)
+    }
+}
+
+fn interactive_shadow(interaction: InteractionState) -> BoxShadow {
+    if interaction.pressed {
+        BoxShadow::new(
+            Point::new(0.0, 0.0),
+            2.0,
+            0.0,
+            Color::rgba(0, 0, 0, 36),
+            BoxShadowKind::Outer,
+        )
+    } else if interaction.hovered {
+        BoxShadow::new(
+            Point::new(0.0, 3.0),
+            14.0,
+            0.0,
+            Color::rgba(0, 0, 0, 42),
+            BoxShadowKind::Outer,
+        )
+    } else {
+        BoxShadow::new(
+            Point::new(0.0, 1.0),
+            6.0,
+            0.0,
+            Color::rgba(0, 0, 0, 18),
+            BoxShadowKind::Outer,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+fn mix(base: Color, overlay: Color, amount: f32) -> Color {
+    let amount = amount.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+    let blend = |from: u8, to: u8| -> u8 {
+        ((from as f32) + ((to as f32) - (from as f32)) * amount).round() as u8
+    };
+
+    Color::rgba(
+        blend(base.r, overlay.r),
+        blend(base.g, overlay.g),
+        blend(base.b, overlay.b),
+        base.a,
+    )
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Keypad (basic)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#[component]
+pub fn Keypad(state: CalcState) -> impl IntoView {
+    let bg_num = Color::rgba(255, 255, 255, 90);
+    let bg_op  = Color::rgba(210, 230, 255, 140);
+    let bg_eq  = Color::rgba(160, 230, 160, 160);
+    let bg_fn  = Color::rgba(255, 200, 180, 140);
+
+    macro_rules! digit {
+        ($ch:expr) => {{
+            let s = state.clone();
+            let t = $ch.to_string();
+            let label = t.clone();
+            calc_button(label, bg_num, move || s.input(&t))
+        }};
+    }
+    macro_rules! op {
+        ($ch:expr) => {{
+            let s = state.clone();
+            let t = $ch.to_string();
+            let label = t.clone();
+            calc_button(label, bg_op, move || s.input(&t))
+        }};
+    }
+
+    let clear_btn = {
+        let s = state.clone();
+        calc_button("C".to_string(), bg_fn, move || s.clear())
+    };
+    let paren_btn = {
+        let s = state.clone();
+        calc_button("( )".to_string(), bg_num, move || s.input_paren())
+    };
+    let pct_btn = {
+        let s = state.clone();
+        calc_button("%".to_string(), bg_num, move || s.input("%"))
+    };
+    let bs_btn = {
+        let s = state.clone();
+        calc_button("⌫".to_string(), bg_fn, move || s.backspace())
+    };
+    let dot_btn = {
+        let s = state.clone();
+        calc_button(".".to_string(), bg_num, move || s.input("."))
+    };
+    let eq_btn = {
+        let s = state.clone();
+        calc_button("=".to_string(), bg_eq, move || s.evaluate())
+    };
+
+    view! {
+        column(gap = 6.0, align_self = AlignItems::Stretch) {
+            btn_row(vec![clear_btn, paren_btn, pct_btn, bs_btn])
+            btn_row(vec![digit!('7'), digit!('8'), digit!('9'), op!('÷')])
+            btn_row(vec![digit!('4'), digit!('5'), digit!('6'), op!('×')])
+            btn_row(vec![digit!('1'), digit!('2'), digit!('3'), op!('-')])
+            btn_row(vec![digit!('0'), dot_btn, eq_btn, op!('+')])
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Scientific panel
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#[component]
+pub fn ScientificPanel(state: CalcState) -> impl IntoView {
+    let bg = Color::rgba(230, 215, 255, 140);
+
+    macro_rules! sci {
+        ($label:expr, $insert:expr) => {{
+            let s = state.clone();
+            let ins: &'static str = $insert;
+            calc_button($label.to_string(), bg, move || s.input(ins))
+        }};
+    }
+
+    let sq_btn = {
+        let s = state.clone();
+        calc_button("x²".to_string(), bg, move || {
+            s.expression.update(|e| {
+                let wrapped = format!("({e})^2");
+                *e = wrapped;
+            });
+        })
+    };
+
+    view! {
+        column(gap = 6.0, align_self = AlignItems::Stretch) {
+            btn_row(vec![sci!("sin(", "sin("), sci!("cos(", "cos("), sci!("tan(", "tan("), sci!("asin(", "asin(")])
+            btn_row(vec![sci!("log(", "log("), sci!("ln(", "ln("), sci!("√(", "√("), sq_btn])
+            btn_row(vec![sci!("xʸ", "^"), sci!("π", "π"), sci!("e", "e"), sci!("fact(", "fact(")])
+        }
+    }
+}

examples/calculator/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+mod components;
+mod state;
+
+use ruin_app::prelude::*;
+use tracing_subscriber::layer::SubscriberExt;
+use tracing_subscriber::util::SubscriberInitExt;
+use tracing_subscriber::{EnvFilter, fmt};
+
+use components::{Display, Keypad, ModeToggle, ScientificPanel};
+use state::{CalcMode, CalcState};
+
+#[ruin_runtime::async_main]
+async fn main() -> ruin_app::Result<()> {
+    init_tracing();
+
+    App::new()
+        .window(
+            Window::new()
+                .title("Calculator")
+                .app_id("dev.ruin.calculator")
+                .base_color(Color::rgba(255, 255, 255, 80))
+                .resizable(false),
+        )
+        .mount(view! { CalculatorApp() {} })
+        .run()
+        .await
+}
+
+fn init_tracing() {
+    let filter = EnvFilter::try_from_default_env().unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+        EnvFilter::new(
+            "info,ruin_app::resize=trace,ruin_app::interaction=trace,\
+             ruin_ui_platform_wayland::resize=trace,ruin_ui_platform_wayland::perf=debug,\
+             ruin_ui_platform_wayland::event_bridge=trace",
+        )
+    });
+
+    let _ = tracing_subscriber::registry()
+        .with(fmt::layer().with_target(true).without_time())
+        .with(filter)
+        .try_init();
+}
+
+#[component]
+fn CalculatorApp() -> impl IntoView {
+    let state = CalcState::new();
+
+    // ---- Keyboard shortcuts (application-scoped) ----
+
+    for ch in "0123456789.+-*/%()".chars() {
+        let s = state.clone();
+        let display = match ch {
+            '*' => "×",
+            '/' => "÷",
+            _ => "",
+        };
+        let text = if display.is_empty() {
+            ch.to_string()
+        } else {
+            display.to_string()
+        };
+        use_shortcut(Shortcut::new(Key::Character(ch)), ShortcutScope::Application, {
+            let text = text.clone();
+            move || s.input(&text)
+        });
+    }
+
+    // = key also evaluates
+    {
+        let s = state.clone();
+        use_shortcut(Shortcut::new(Key::Character('=')), ShortcutScope::Application, move || s.evaluate());
+    }
+    {
+        let s = state.clone();
+        use_shortcut(Shortcut::new(Key::Enter), ShortcutScope::Application, move || s.evaluate());
+    }
+    {
+        let s = state.clone();
+        use_shortcut(Shortcut::new(Key::Backspace), ShortcutScope::Application, move || s.backspace());
+    }
+    {
+        let s = state.clone();
+        use_shortcut(Shortcut::new(Key::Escape), ShortcutScope::Application, move || s.clear());
+    }
+    {
+        let s = state.clone();
+        use_shortcut(Shortcut::new(Key::Delete), ShortcutScope::Application, move || s.clear());
+    }
+
+    // ---- Layout ----
+
+    let mode = state.mode.clone();
+
+    let text_style = PartialTextStyle {
+        color: Some(Color::BLACK),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    if mode.get() == CalcMode::Scientific {
+        view! {
+            column(
+                gap = 10.0,
+                padding = 12.0,
+                align_items = AlignItems::Stretch,
+                text_style = text_style,
+            ) {
+                Display(state = state.clone()) {}
+                ModeToggle(state = state.clone()) {}
+                ScientificPanel(state = state.clone()) {}
+                Keypad(state = state.clone()) {}
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        view! {
+            column(
+                gap = 10.0,
+                padding = 12.0,
+                align_items = AlignItems::Stretch,
+                text_style = text_style,
+            ) {
+                Display(state = state.clone()) {}
+                ModeToggle(state = state.clone()) {}
+                Keypad(state = state.clone()) {}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::cell::RefCell;
+    use std::rc::Rc;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[component]
+    fn StateProbe(slot: Rc<RefCell<Option<CalcState>>>) -> impl IntoView {
+        let state = CalcState::new();
+        *slot.borrow_mut() = Some(state);
+        block().children(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn successful_evaluation_replaces_expression_and_preserves_history() {
+        let slot = Rc::new(RefCell::new(None::<CalcState>));
+        let _ = ruin_app::__render_mountable_for_test(&view! {
+            StateProbe(slot = Rc::clone(&slot)) {}
+        });
+
+        let state = slot.borrow().clone().expect("state should be captured");
+        let _ = state.expression.set("2+2".to_string());
+        state.evaluate();
+
+        assert_eq!(state.expression.get(), "4");
+        assert_eq!(state.result.get(), "");
+        assert_eq!(state.is_error.get(), false);
+        assert_eq!(state.history.get().len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(state.history.get()[0].expression, "2+2");
+        assert_eq!(state.history.get()[0].result, "4");
+    }
+}

examples/calculator/src/state.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+use ruin_app::prelude::*;
+
+type EvalResult = std::result::Result<f64, String>;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Types
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum CalcMode {
+    #[default]
+    Basic,
+    Scientific,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct HistoryEntry {
+    pub expression: String,
+    pub result: String,
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// State
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct CalcState {
+    /// The expression currently shown in the input display.
+    pub expression: Signal<String>,
+    /// The result of the last evaluation (or error message). Empty until first `=`.
+    pub result: Signal<String>,
+    /// Whether the last evaluation produced an error.
+    pub is_error: Signal<bool>,
+    /// Past evaluations, newest first.
+    pub history: Signal<Vec<HistoryEntry>>,
+    pub mode: Signal<CalcMode>,
+    /// When true, the next digit/operator input clears the expression first.
+    pub fresh: Signal<bool>,
+    /// Current scroll offset for the history scroll box.
+    pub history_scroll: Signal<f32>,
+}
+
+impl CalcState {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            expression: use_signal(|| String::new()),
+            result: use_signal(|| String::new()),
+            is_error: use_signal(|| false),
+            history: use_signal(|| Vec::new()),
+            mode: use_signal(|| CalcMode::Basic),
+            fresh: use_signal(|| false),
+            history_scroll: use_signal(|| 10_000.0_f32),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Append `text` to the expression.  If `fresh` is set (just evaluated),
+    /// clear the expression first so digits don't append to the old result.
+    pub fn input(&self, text: &str) {
+        if self.fresh.get() {
+            // Starting fresh after a result: if it's an operator continue
+            // from the result, otherwise start a new expression.
+            let is_operator = matches!(text, "+" | "-" | "×" | "÷" | "^" | "%");
+            if !is_operator {
+                let _ = self.expression.set(String::new());
+            }
+            let _ = self.fresh.set(false);
+        }
+        self.expression.update(|e| e.push_str(text));
+    }
+
+    /// Delete the last character (or close-paren group) from the expression.
+    pub fn backspace(&self) {
+        if self.fresh.get() {
+            let _ = self.fresh.set(false);
+            let _ = self.expression.set(String::new());
+            return;
+        }
+        self.expression.update(|e| {
+            // Pop a full UTF-8 character
+            let new_len = e
+                .char_indices()
+                .next_back()
+                .map(|(i, _)| i)
+                .unwrap_or(0);
+            e.truncate(new_len);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Clear the expression, result, and fresh flag.
+    pub fn clear(&self) {
+        let _ = self.expression.set(String::new());
+        let _ = self.result.set(String::new());
+        let _ = self.is_error.set(false);
+        let _ = self.fresh.set(false);
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluate the current expression, update result, push to history.
+    pub fn evaluate(&self) {
+        let expr = self.expression.with(|e| e.clone());
+        if expr.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+        match evaluate(&expr) {
+            Ok(value) => {
+                let result_str = format_result(value);
+                let _ = self.expression.set(result_str.clone());
+                let _ = self.result.set(String::new());
+                let _ = self.is_error.set(false);
+                self.history.update(|h| {
+                    h.insert(
+                        0,
+                        HistoryEntry {
+                            expression: expr.clone(),
+                            result: result_str,
+                        },
+                    );
+                    h.truncate(50);
+                });
+            }
+            Err(msg) => {
+                let _ = self.result.set(msg);
+                let _ = self.is_error.set(true);
+            }
+        }
+        let _ = self.fresh.set(true);
+        let _ = self.history_scroll.set(10_000.0);
+    }
+
+    /// Set the expression to a previously computed result (e.g., when clicking a history entry).
+    pub fn use_history_result(&self, result: String) {
+        let _ = self.expression.set(result);
+        let _ = self.result.set(String::new());
+        let _ = self.is_error.set(false);
+        let _ = self.fresh.set(false);
+    }
+
+    pub fn toggle_mode(&self) {
+        self.mode.update(|m| {
+            *m = match *m {
+                CalcMode::Basic => CalcMode::Scientific,
+                CalcMode::Scientific => CalcMode::Basic,
+            };
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Insert the right parenthesis character based on current balance.
+    pub fn input_paren(&self) {
+        let open = self
+            .expression
+            .with(|e| e.chars().filter(|&c| c == '(').count());
+        let close = self
+            .expression
+            .with(|e| e.chars().filter(|&c| c == ')').count());
+        self.input(if open > close { ")" } else { "(" });
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Evaluation
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Evaluate `raw_expr`, preprocessing display symbols to meval-compatible syntax.
+pub fn evaluate(raw_expr: &str) -> EvalResult {
+    let expr = raw_expr
+        .replace('×', "*")
+        .replace('÷', "/")
+        .replace('π', "pi")
+        // √( is inserted by the scientific button; meval knows sqrt
+        .replace("√", "sqrt");
+
+    let mut ctx = meval::Context::new();
+    // Add factorial — only integers 0..=20 to avoid overflow
+    ctx.func("fact", |x: f64| {
+        if x < 0.0 || x.fract() != 0.0 || x > 20.0 {
+            return f64::NAN;
+        }
+        (1..=(x as u64)).product::<u64>() as f64
+    });
+
+    meval::eval_str_with_context(&expr, ctx).map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+}
+
+/// Format an f64 result: use integer display when possible, otherwise up to 10 sig figs.
+fn format_result(value: f64) -> String {
+    if value.is_nan() {
+        return "Error".to_string();
+    }
+    if value.is_infinite() {
+        return if value > 0.0 { "∞".to_string() } else { "-∞".to_string() };
+    }
+    if value.fract() == 0.0 && value.abs() < 1e15 {
+        return format!("{}", value as i64);
+    }
+    // Up to 10 significant figures, strip trailing zeros
+    let s = format!("{:.10}", value);
+    let s = s.trim_end_matches('0').trim_end_matches('.');
+    s.to_string()
+}

lib/reactivity/Cargo.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,12 @@ edition = "2024"
 
 [dependencies]
 ruin_runtime = { package = "ruin-runtime", path = "../runtime" }
-tracing = { version = "0.1", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+tracing = { version = "0.1", default-features = false }
+hashbrown = "0.17"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["env-filter", "fmt", "std"] }
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = [
+    "env-filter",
+    "fmt",
+    "std",
+] }

lib/reactivity/src/cell.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use std::cell::RefCell;
+use alloc::rc::Rc;
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use core::cell::RefCell;
 
 use crate::{NodeId, Reactor, current, trace_targets};
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ impl<T: PartialEq + 'static> Cell<T> {
             return None;
         }
 
-        let previous = std::mem::replace(&mut *current, value);
+        let previous = core::mem::replace(&mut *current, value);
         drop(current);
         tracing::debug!(
             target: trace_targets::CELL,

lib/reactivity/src/effect.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
+use alloc::boxed::Box;
-use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};
+use alloc::rc::{Rc, Weak};
+use core::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 
 use crate::reactor::ObserverHook;
 use crate::{NodeId, Reactor, current, trace_targets};
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ impl EffectHandle {
     /// recover an EffectHandle after calling this method, so be sure to call it on an EffectHandle that you don't need
     /// to later dispose of.
     pub fn leak(self) {
-        std::mem::forget(self);
+        core::mem::forget(self);
     }
 
     /// Disposes the effect immediately.

lib/reactivity/src/event.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
-use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
+use alloc::boxed::Box;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use alloc::rc::Rc;
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
+
+use hashbrown::HashMap;
 
 use crate::{NodeId, Reactor, current, trace_targets};
 

lib/reactivity/src/lib.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@
 //! single-threaded and designed to live on a runtime-managed thread, while async work feeds it
 //! from the edges by updating state or emitting events.
 
+#![feature(thread_local)]
+#![cfg_attr(not(test), no_std)]
+
+extern crate alloc;
+
 pub(crate) mod trace_targets {
     pub const GRAPH: &str = "ruin_reactivity::graph";
     pub const CELL: &str = "ruin_reactivity::cell";
@@ -18,6 +23,7 @@ mod effect;
 mod event;
 mod id;
 mod reactor;
+mod source;
 mod thunk;
 
 pub use cell::{Cell, cell, cell_in};
@@ -25,4 +31,5 @@ pub use effect::{EffectHandle, effect, effect_in};
 pub use event::{Event, Subscription, event, event_in, on, on_in};
 pub use id::NodeId;
 pub use reactor::{ReactCycleError, Reactor, current};
+pub use source::{Source, source, source_in};
 pub use thunk::{Memo, Thunk, memo, memo_by, memo_by_in, memo_in, thunk, thunk_in};

lib/reactivity/src/reactor.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
+use alloc::boxed::Box;
-use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, VecDeque};
+use alloc::collections::VecDeque;
-use std::error::Error;
+use alloc::rc::{Rc, Weak};
-use std::fmt;
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
-use std::panic::panic_any;
+use core::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
-use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};
+use core::error::Error;
+use core::fmt;
+
+use hashbrown::{HashMap, HashSet};
 
 use ruin_runtime::queue_microtask;
 
@@ -11,9 +14,8 @@ use crate::{NodeId, trace_targets};
 
 type Job = Box<dyn FnOnce() + 'static>;
 
-thread_local! {
+#[thread_local]
 static CURRENT_REACTOR: RefCell<Weak<ReactorInner>> = const { RefCell::new(Weak::new()) };
-}
 
 /// Returns the current thread's default reactor.
 ///
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ pub(crate) trait ObserverHook {
     fn notify(&self);
 }
 
-/// Panic payload emitted when the reactor detects a dependency cycle.
+/// Error type for cycles detected in the reactive graph. Contains the path of nodes that form the cycle.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct ReactCycleError {
     cycle: Vec<NodeId>,
@@ -85,8 +87,7 @@ impl Reactor {
 
     /// Returns the current thread's default reactor.
     pub fn current() -> Self {
-        CURRENT_REACTOR.with(|slot| {
+        if let Some(inner) = CURRENT_REACTOR.borrow().upgrade() {
-            if let Some(inner) = slot.borrow().upgrade() {
             #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
             tracing::trace!(
                 target: trace_targets::GRAPH,
@@ -97,14 +98,13 @@ impl Reactor {
         }
 
         let reactor = Self::new();
-            *slot.borrow_mut() = Rc::downgrade(&reactor.inner);
+        *CURRENT_REACTOR.borrow_mut() = Rc::downgrade(&reactor.inner);
         tracing::debug!(
             target: trace_targets::GRAPH,
             event = "current_reactor_install",
             "installed current thread default reactor"
         );
         reactor
-        })
     }
 
     /// Runs `f` in the dependency-tracking scope of `observer`.
@@ -143,13 +143,9 @@ impl Reactor {
         f()
     }
 
-    /// Records that the currently executing observer depends on `observable`.
+    /// Attempts to record a dependency on `observable` for the currently running observer, returning an
-    ///
+    /// error if doing so would create a dependency cycle.
-    /// # Panics
+    pub fn try_observe(&self, observable: NodeId) -> Result<(), ReactCycleError> {
-    ///
-    /// Panics with [`ReactCycleError`] if `observable` is already being computed in the current
-    /// dependency stack.
-    pub fn observe(&self, observable: NodeId) {
         if self
             .inner
             .active_computations
@@ -170,12 +166,12 @@ impl Reactor {
                 cycle_len = cycle.len(),
                 "reactive cycle detected"
             );
-            panic_any(ReactCycleError::new(cycle));
+            return Err(ReactCycleError::new(cycle));
         }
 
         let current = self.inner.stack.borrow().last().copied();
         let Some(observer) = current else {
-            return;
+            return Ok(());
         };
 
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
@@ -199,6 +195,18 @@ impl Reactor {
             .entry(observable)
             .or_default()
             .insert(observer);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Records a dependency on `observable` for the currently running observer.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if recording the dependency would create a cycle in the reactive graph.
+    pub fn observe(&self, observable: NodeId) {
+        if let Err(e) = self.try_observe(observable) {
+            panic!("reactive cycle detected: {e}");
+        }
     }
 
     /// Notifies dependents of `observable`.
@@ -344,11 +352,11 @@ impl fmt::Debug for Reactor {
 
 struct ReactorInner {
     next_node: Cell<u64>,
-    dependencies: RefCell<BTreeMap<NodeId, BTreeSet<NodeId>>>,
+    dependencies: RefCell<HashMap<NodeId, HashSet<NodeId>>>,
-    dependents: RefCell<BTreeMap<NodeId, BTreeSet<NodeId>>>,
+    dependents: RefCell<HashMap<NodeId, HashSet<NodeId>>>,
-    observers: RefCell<BTreeMap<NodeId, Weak<dyn ObserverHook>>>,
+    observers: RefCell<HashMap<NodeId, Weak<dyn ObserverHook>>>,
     stack: RefCell<Vec<NodeId>>,
-    active_computations: RefCell<BTreeSet<NodeId>>,
+    active_computations: RefCell<HashSet<NodeId>>,
     pending_jobs: RefCell<VecDeque<Job>>,
     flush_scheduled: Cell<bool>,
 }
@@ -357,11 +365,11 @@ impl ReactorInner {
     fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             next_node: Cell::new(1),
-            dependencies: RefCell::new(BTreeMap::new()),
+            dependencies: RefCell::new(HashMap::new()),
-            dependents: RefCell::new(BTreeMap::new()),
+            dependents: RefCell::new(HashMap::new()),
-            observers: RefCell::new(BTreeMap::new()),
+            observers: RefCell::new(HashMap::new()),
             stack: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
-            active_computations: RefCell::new(BTreeSet::new()),
+            active_computations: RefCell::new(HashSet::new()),
             pending_jobs: RefCell::new(VecDeque::new()),
             flush_scheduled: Cell::new(false),
         }
@@ -421,7 +429,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     use ruin_runtime::{queue_task, run};
 
-    use super::{ReactCycleError, Reactor, current};
+    use super::{Reactor, current};
 
     #[test]
     fn current_reactor_is_thread_local_singleton() {
@@ -436,7 +444,11 @@ mod tests {
         let observer = reactor.allocate_node();
         let observable = reactor.allocate_node();
 
-        reactor.run_in_context(observer, || reactor.observe(observable));
+        reactor.run_in_context(observer, || {
+            reactor
+                .try_observe(observable)
+                .expect("should not detect cycle")
+        });
 
         assert_eq!(
             reactor.inner.dependencies.borrow().get(&observer),
@@ -449,7 +461,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn cycle_detection_panics_with_structured_error() {
+    fn cycle_detection_panics_with_expected() {
         let reactor = Reactor::new();
         let a = reactor.allocate_node();
         let b = reactor.allocate_node();
@@ -457,15 +469,26 @@ mod tests {
         let panic = catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
             reactor.run_in_context(a, || {
                 reactor.observe(b);
-                reactor.run_in_context(b, || reactor.observe(a));
+                reactor.run_in_context(b, || {
+                    reactor.observe(a);
+                });
             });
         }))
         .expect_err("cycle should panic");
 
-        let error = panic
+        let Some(cycle_error) = panic.downcast_ref::<String>() else {
-            .downcast::<ReactCycleError>()
+            panic!("panic should be a string");
-            .expect("panic payload should be ReactCycleError");
+        };
-        assert_eq!(error.cycle(), &[a, b, a]);
+
+        assert!(
+            cycle_error.contains("reactive cycle detected"),
+            "panic should indicate cycle detected"
+        );
+
+        assert!(
+            cycle_error.contains("1 -> 2 -> 1"),
+            "panic should include cycle path"
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]

lib/reactivity/src/source.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+use alloc::rc::Rc;
+
+use crate::{NodeId, Reactor, current, trace_targets};
+
+/// Creates a low-level reactive source node in the current reactor.
+pub fn source() -> Source {
+    current().source()
+}
+
+/// Creates a low-level reactive source node associated with `reactor`.
+pub fn source_in(reactor: &Reactor) -> Source {
+    reactor.source()
+}
+
+/// Low-level observable source node.
+///
+/// `Source` is useful for advanced data structures that want precise control over when reads
+/// observe and writes trigger invalidation without storing their state in a [`crate::Cell`].
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Source {
+    inner: Rc<SourceInner>,
+}
+
+impl Reactor {
+    /// Creates a low-level source node associated with this reactor.
+    pub fn source(&self) -> Source {
+        Source::new(self.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Source {
+    fn new(reactor: Reactor) -> Self {
+        let id = reactor.allocate_node();
+        tracing::debug!(
+            target: trace_targets::GRAPH,
+            event = "create_source",
+            node_id = id.0,
+            "created low-level reactive source"
+        );
+        Self {
+            inner: Rc::new(SourceInner { reactor, id }),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Records a dependency on this source for the currently running observer.
+    pub fn observe(&self) {
+        self.inner.reactor.observe(self.inner.id);
+    }
+
+    /// Triggers this source's dependents.
+    pub fn trigger(&self) {
+        self.inner.reactor.trigger(self.inner.id);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the source node id.
+    pub fn id(&self) -> NodeId {
+        self.inner.id
+    }
+}
+
+struct SourceInner {
+    reactor: Reactor,
+    id: NodeId,
+}
+
+impl Drop for SourceInner {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.reactor.dispose(self.id);
+    }
+}

lib/reactivity/src/thunk.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
+use alloc::boxed::Box;
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use alloc::rc::Rc;
+use core::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 
 use crate::reactor::ObserverHook;
 use crate::{NodeId, Reactor, current, trace_targets};
@@ -428,9 +429,13 @@ mod tests {
         .expect_err("mutually recursive thunks should panic");
 
         let error = panic
-            .downcast::<crate::ReactCycleError>()
+            .downcast_ref::<String>()
-            .expect("panic payload should be ReactCycleError");
+            .expect("panic should be a string");
-        assert_eq!(error.cycle().len(), 3);
+
+        assert!(
+            error.contains("reactive cycle detected"),
+            "panic should indicate cycle detected"
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]

lib/reactivity_parsing/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[package]
+name = "ruin-reactivity-parsing"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+[lib]
+name = "ruin_reactivity_parsing"
+
+[dependencies]
+ruin_reactivity = { path = "../reactivity" }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+ruin_runtime = { package = "ruin-runtime", path = "../runtime" }

lib/reactivity_parsing/examples/json_reactive_parser.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,745 @@
+use std::env;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use ruin_reactivity::{cell_in, effect_in};
+use ruin_reactivity_parsing::{
+    Anchor, AnchorBias, EditDelta, ReactiveRope, RopeEdit, TextPoint, TextRange,
+};
+use ruin_runtime::{async_main, fs, stdio};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+struct ParseSnapshot {
+    text: String,
+    root_anchor: Anchor,
+    root: AstNode,
+    reused_nodes: usize,
+    total_nodes: usize,
+    diagnostics: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+struct AstNode {
+    id: u64,
+    kind: JsonKind,
+    local_range: TextRange,
+    children: Vec<AstNode>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+enum JsonKind {
+    Object,
+    Array,
+    Pair,
+    String,
+    Number,
+    True,
+    False,
+    Null,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for JsonKind {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        let label = match self {
+            Self::Object => "object",
+            Self::Array => "array",
+            Self::Pair => "pair",
+            Self::String => "string",
+            Self::Number => "number",
+            Self::True => "true",
+            Self::False => "false",
+            Self::Null => "null",
+        };
+        write!(f, "{label}")
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+struct ParsedNode {
+    kind: JsonKind,
+    range: TextRange,
+    children: Vec<ParsedNode>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct JsonParser {
+    next_id: u64,
+}
+
+struct Cursor<'a> {
+    text: &'a str,
+    offset: usize,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+enum Command {
+    Insert { offset: usize, text: String },
+    Replace { start: usize, end: usize, text: String },
+    ReplaceAll { text: String },
+    Delete { start: usize, end: usize },
+    Print,
+    Help,
+    Quit,
+}
+
+#[async_main]
+async fn main() {
+    let path = env::args()
+        .nth(1)
+        .expect("usage: cargo run -p ruin-reactivity-parsing --example json_reactive_parser -- <path/to/file.json>");
+    let initial_text = fs::read_to_string(&path)
+        .await
+        .expect("json file should be readable");
+
+    let reactor = ruin_reactivity::Reactor::new();
+    let rope = ReactiveRope::from_text(&reactor, &initial_text);
+    let parser = Rc::new(std::cell::RefCell::new(JsonParser::default()));
+
+    let initial_snapshot = parser
+        .borrow_mut()
+        .parse_initial(&rope)
+        .expect("initial JSON should parse");
+    let parse_state = cell_in(&reactor, initial_snapshot);
+    let last_delta = cell_in(&reactor, None::<EditDelta>);
+
+    let _parser_subscription = {
+        let rope = rope.clone();
+        let parser = Rc::clone(&parser);
+        let parse_state = parse_state.clone();
+        let last_delta = last_delta.clone();
+        rope.edit_events().subscribe(move |delta| {
+            let previous = parse_state.get();
+            match parser.borrow_mut().parse_incremental(&rope, &previous, delta) {
+                Ok(next) => {
+                    last_delta.replace(Some(delta.clone()));
+                    parse_state.replace(next);
+                }
+                Err(error) => {
+                    eprintln!("parse error after edit: {error}");
+                    eprintln!(
+                        "note: current text length is {} bytes; use `replace_all <text>` to replace the full document without manual offsets",
+                        rope.len_bytes()
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    };
+
+    effect_in(&reactor, {
+        let rope = rope.clone();
+        let parse_state = parse_state.clone();
+        let last_delta = last_delta.clone();
+        move || {
+            parse_state.with(|snapshot| print_snapshot(snapshot, &rope, last_delta.with(Clone::clone).as_ref()));
+        }
+    })
+    .leak();
+
+    println!("Commands:");
+    println!("  insert <byte_offset> <text>");
+    println!("  replace <start> <end> <text>");
+    println!("  replace_all <text>");
+    println!("  delete <start> <end>");
+    println!("  print");
+    println!("  help");
+    println!("  quit");
+
+    let mut input = stdio::stdin().expect("stdin should be available");
+    while let Some(line) = input.read_line().await.expect("stdin read should succeed") {
+        let trimmed = line.trim_end();
+        if trimmed.is_empty() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        match parse_command(trimmed) {
+            Ok(Command::Insert { offset, text }) => {
+                let _ = rope.edit(RopeEdit::insert(offset, text));
+            }
+            Ok(Command::Replace { start, end, text }) => {
+                let _ = rope.edit(RopeEdit::replace(TextRange::new(start, end), text));
+            }
+            Ok(Command::ReplaceAll { text }) => {
+                let _ = rope.edit(RopeEdit::replace(TextRange::new(0, rope.len_bytes()), text));
+            }
+            Ok(Command::Delete { start, end }) => {
+                let _ = rope.edit(RopeEdit::delete(TextRange::new(start, end)));
+            }
+            Ok(Command::Print) => {
+                let snapshot = parse_state.get();
+                print_snapshot(&snapshot, &rope, None);
+            }
+            Ok(Command::Help) => {
+                println!("Commands:");
+                println!("  insert <byte_offset> <text>");
+                println!("  replace <start> <end> <text>");
+                println!("  replace_all <text>");
+                println!("  delete <start> <end>");
+                println!("  print");
+                println!("  help");
+                println!("  quit");
+            }
+            Ok(Command::Quit) => break,
+            Err(error) => eprintln!("{error}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_command(input: &str) -> Result<Command, String> {
+    if input == "quit" {
+        return Ok(Command::Quit);
+    }
+    if input == "print" {
+        return Ok(Command::Print);
+    }
+    if input == "help" {
+        return Ok(Command::Help);
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = input.strip_prefix("insert ") {
+        let (offset, text) = rest
+            .split_once(' ')
+            .ok_or_else(|| "insert expects: insert <offset> <text>".to_string())?;
+        return Ok(Command::Insert {
+            offset: offset.parse().map_err(|_| "invalid insert offset".to_string())?,
+            text: text.to_string(),
+        });
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = input.strip_prefix("replace ") {
+        let mut parts = rest.splitn(3, ' ');
+        let start = parts
+            .next()
+            .ok_or_else(|| "replace expects: replace <start> <end> <text>".to_string())?;
+        let end = parts
+            .next()
+            .ok_or_else(|| "replace expects: replace <start> <end> <text>".to_string())?;
+        let text = parts
+            .next()
+            .ok_or_else(|| "replace expects: replace <start> <end> <text>".to_string())?;
+        return Ok(Command::Replace {
+            start: start.parse().map_err(|_| "invalid replace start".to_string())?,
+            end: end.parse().map_err(|_| "invalid replace end".to_string())?,
+            text: text.to_string(),
+        });
+    }
+    if let Some(text) = input.strip_prefix("replace_all ") {
+        return Ok(Command::ReplaceAll {
+            text: text.to_string(),
+        });
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = input.strip_prefix("delete ") {
+        let (start, end) = rest
+            .split_once(' ')
+            .ok_or_else(|| "delete expects: delete <start> <end>".to_string())?;
+        return Ok(Command::Delete {
+            start: start.parse().map_err(|_| "invalid delete start".to_string())?,
+            end: end.parse().map_err(|_| "invalid delete end".to_string())?,
+        });
+    }
+    Err("unknown command; type `help`".to_string())
+}
+
+impl JsonParser {
+    fn parse_initial(&mut self, rope: &ReactiveRope) -> Result<ParseSnapshot, String> {
+        let text = read_rope_text(rope);
+        let parsed = parse_json(&text)?;
+        let root = self.materialize_fresh(&parsed, 0);
+        Ok(ParseSnapshot {
+            text,
+            root_anchor: Anchor::new(0, AnchorBias::Left),
+            total_nodes: count_nodes(&root),
+            reused_nodes: 0,
+            diagnostics: Vec::new(),
+            root,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn parse_incremental(
+        &mut self,
+        rope: &ReactiveRope,
+        previous: &ParseSnapshot,
+        delta: &EditDelta,
+    ) -> Result<ParseSnapshot, String> {
+        let text = read_rope_text(rope);
+        let parsed = parse_json(&text)?;
+        let mut root_anchor = previous.root_anchor;
+        root_anchor.map_through(delta);
+        let mut reused = 0usize;
+        let root = self.reuse_node(
+            &parsed,
+            Some(&previous.root),
+            previous.root_anchor.byte,
+            root_anchor.byte,
+            &previous.text,
+            &text,
+            delta,
+            &mut reused,
+        );
+        Ok(ParseSnapshot {
+            text,
+            root_anchor,
+            total_nodes: count_nodes(&root),
+            reused_nodes: reused,
+            diagnostics: Vec::new(),
+            root,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn materialize_fresh(&mut self, parsed: &ParsedNode, parent_start: usize) -> AstNode {
+        AstNode {
+            id: self.alloc_id(),
+            kind: parsed.kind,
+            local_range: localize(parsed.range, parent_start),
+            children: parsed
+                .children
+                .iter()
+                .map(|child| self.materialize_fresh(child, parsed.range.start))
+                .collect(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn reuse_node(
+        &mut self,
+        parsed: &ParsedNode,
+        old: Option<&AstNode>,
+        old_parent_start: usize,
+        new_parent_start: usize,
+        old_text: &str,
+        new_text: &str,
+        delta: &EditDelta,
+        reused: &mut usize,
+    ) -> AstNode {
+        let parsed_local = localize(parsed.range, new_parent_start);
+        if let Some(old) = old
+            && old.kind == parsed.kind
+            && map_range(absolute_range(old, old_parent_start), delta) == parsed.range
+            && old_text
+                .get(absolute_range(old, old_parent_start).start..absolute_range(old, old_parent_start).end)
+                == new_text.get(parsed.range.start..parsed.range.end)
+        {
+            *reused += count_nodes(old);
+            return AstNode {
+                id: old.id,
+                kind: old.kind,
+                local_range: parsed_local,
+                children: old.children.clone(),
+            };
+        }
+
+        let children = parsed
+            .children
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(index, child)| {
+                let previous_child = old.and_then(|node| node.children.get(index));
+                let next_old_parent_start = old
+                    .map(|node| absolute_range(node, old_parent_start).start)
+                    .unwrap_or(old_parent_start);
+                self.reuse_node(
+                    child,
+                    previous_child,
+                    next_old_parent_start,
+                    parsed.range.start,
+                    old_text,
+                    new_text,
+                    delta,
+                    reused,
+                )
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        AstNode {
+            id: self.alloc_id(),
+            kind: parsed.kind,
+            local_range: parsed_local,
+            children,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn alloc_id(&mut self) -> u64 {
+        self.next_id = self.next_id.wrapping_add(1);
+        self.next_id
+    }
+}
+
+fn read_rope_text(rope: &ReactiveRope) -> String {
+    let mut cursor = rope.cursor(0);
+    let mut text = String::new();
+    while let Some(chunk) = cursor.next_chunk() {
+        text.push_str(chunk.text());
+    }
+    text
+}
+
+fn localize(range: TextRange, parent_start: usize) -> TextRange {
+    TextRange::new(
+        range.start.saturating_sub(parent_start),
+        range.end.saturating_sub(parent_start),
+    )
+}
+
+fn absolute_range(node: &AstNode, parent_start: usize) -> TextRange {
+    TextRange::new(
+        parent_start + node.local_range.start,
+        parent_start + node.local_range.end,
+    )
+}
+
+fn map_range(range: TextRange, delta: &EditDelta) -> TextRange {
+    if range.end <= delta.range.start {
+        return range;
+    }
+    if range.start >= delta.range.end {
+        let shift = delta.net_byte_delta();
+        return TextRange::new(
+            range.start.saturating_add_signed(shift),
+            range.end.saturating_add_signed(shift),
+        );
+    }
+    TextRange::new(usize::MAX, usize::MAX)
+}
+
+fn parse_json(text: &str) -> Result<ParsedNode, String> {
+    let mut cursor = Cursor { text, offset: 0 };
+    cursor.skip_ws();
+    let node = cursor.parse_value()?;
+    cursor.skip_ws();
+    if !cursor.is_eof() {
+        return Err(format!("unexpected trailing data at byte {}", cursor.offset));
+    }
+    Ok(node)
+}
+
+impl<'a> Cursor<'a> {
+    fn is_eof(&self) -> bool {
+        self.offset >= self.text.len()
+    }
+
+    fn skip_ws(&mut self) {
+        while let Some(ch) = self.peek_char() {
+            if ch.is_ascii_whitespace() {
+                self.offset += ch.len_utf8();
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn peek_char(&self) -> Option<char> {
+        self.text[self.offset..].chars().next()
+    }
+
+    fn bump_char(&mut self) -> Option<char> {
+        let ch = self.peek_char()?;
+        self.offset += ch.len_utf8();
+        Some(ch)
+    }
+
+    fn expect_char(&mut self, expected: char) -> Result<(), String> {
+        match self.bump_char() {
+            Some(ch) if ch == expected => Ok(()),
+            Some(ch) => Err(format!(
+                "expected `{expected}` at byte {}, found `{ch}`",
+                self.offset.saturating_sub(ch.len_utf8())
+            )),
+            None => Err(format!("expected `{expected}` at end of file")),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn parse_value(&mut self) -> Result<ParsedNode, String> {
+        self.skip_ws();
+        match self.peek_char() {
+            Some('{') => self.parse_object(),
+            Some('[') => self.parse_array(),
+            Some('"') => self.parse_string(),
+            Some('t') => self.parse_literal("true", JsonKind::True),
+            Some('f') => self.parse_literal("false", JsonKind::False),
+            Some('n') => self.parse_literal("null", JsonKind::Null),
+            Some('-' | '0'..='9') => self.parse_number(),
+            Some(other) => Err(format!("unexpected `{other}` at byte {}", self.offset)),
+            None => Err("unexpected end of JSON input".to_string()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn parse_object(&mut self) -> Result<ParsedNode, String> {
+        let start = self.offset;
+        self.expect_char('{')?;
+        self.skip_ws();
+        let mut children = Vec::new();
+        if self.peek_char() == Some('}') {
+            self.bump_char();
+            return Ok(ParsedNode {
+                kind: JsonKind::Object,
+                range: TextRange::new(start, self.offset),
+                children,
+            });
+        }
+
+        loop {
+            self.skip_ws();
+            let key = self.parse_string()?;
+            self.skip_ws();
+            self.expect_char(':')?;
+            self.skip_ws();
+            let value = self.parse_value()?;
+            let pair = ParsedNode {
+                kind: JsonKind::Pair,
+                range: TextRange::new(key.range.start, value.range.end),
+                children: vec![key, value],
+            };
+            children.push(pair);
+            self.skip_ws();
+            match self.peek_char() {
+                Some(',') => {
+                    self.bump_char();
+                }
+                Some('}') => {
+                    self.bump_char();
+                    break;
+                }
+                Some(other) => {
+                    return Err(format!("expected `,` or `}}` at byte {}, found `{other}`", self.offset));
+                }
+                None => return Err("unterminated object".to_string()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(ParsedNode {
+            kind: JsonKind::Object,
+            range: TextRange::new(start, self.offset),
+            children,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn parse_array(&mut self) -> Result<ParsedNode, String> {
+        let start = self.offset;
+        self.expect_char('[')?;
+        self.skip_ws();
+        let mut children = Vec::new();
+        if self.peek_char() == Some(']') {
+            self.bump_char();
+            return Ok(ParsedNode {
+                kind: JsonKind::Array,
+                range: TextRange::new(start, self.offset),
+                children,
+            });
+        }
+
+        loop {
+            let value = self.parse_value()?;
+            children.push(value);
+            self.skip_ws();
+            match self.peek_char() {
+                Some(',') => {
+                    self.bump_char();
+                    self.skip_ws();
+                }
+                Some(']') => {
+                    self.bump_char();
+                    break;
+                }
+                Some(other) => {
+                    return Err(format!("expected `,` or `]` at byte {}, found `{other}`", self.offset));
+                }
+                None => return Err("unterminated array".to_string()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(ParsedNode {
+            kind: JsonKind::Array,
+            range: TextRange::new(start, self.offset),
+            children,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn parse_string(&mut self) -> Result<ParsedNode, String> {
+        let start = self.offset;
+        self.expect_char('"')?;
+        loop {
+            match self.bump_char() {
+                Some('"') => {
+                    return Ok(ParsedNode {
+                        kind: JsonKind::String,
+                        range: TextRange::new(start, self.offset),
+                        children: Vec::new(),
+                    });
+                }
+                Some('\\') => match self.bump_char() {
+                    Some('"') | Some('\\') | Some('/') | Some('b') | Some('f') | Some('n')
+                    | Some('r') | Some('t') => {}
+                    Some('u') => {
+                        for _ in 0..4 {
+                            match self.bump_char() {
+                                Some(ch) if ch.is_ascii_hexdigit() => {}
+                                _ => return Err(format!("invalid unicode escape at byte {}", self.offset)),
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => return Err(format!("invalid escape sequence at byte {}", self.offset)),
+                },
+                Some(ch) if ch >= '\u{20}' => {}
+                Some(_) => return Err(format!("control character in string at byte {}", self.offset)),
+                None => return Err("unterminated string".to_string()),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn parse_number(&mut self) -> Result<ParsedNode, String> {
+        let start = self.offset;
+        if self.peek_char() == Some('-') {
+            self.bump_char();
+        }
+
+        match self.peek_char() {
+            Some('0') => {
+                self.bump_char();
+            }
+            Some('1'..='9') => {
+                self.bump_char();
+                while matches!(self.peek_char(), Some('0'..='9')) {
+                    self.bump_char();
+                }
+            }
+            _ => return Err(format!("invalid number at byte {}", self.offset)),
+        }
+
+        if self.peek_char() == Some('.') {
+            self.bump_char();
+            let mut digits = 0usize;
+            while matches!(self.peek_char(), Some('0'..='9')) {
+                digits += 1;
+                self.bump_char();
+            }
+            if digits == 0 {
+                return Err(format!("expected fraction digits at byte {}", self.offset));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if matches!(self.peek_char(), Some('e' | 'E')) {
+            self.bump_char();
+            if matches!(self.peek_char(), Some('+' | '-')) {
+                self.bump_char();
+            }
+            let mut digits = 0usize;
+            while matches!(self.peek_char(), Some('0'..='9')) {
+                digits += 1;
+                self.bump_char();
+            }
+            if digits == 0 {
+                return Err(format!("expected exponent digits at byte {}", self.offset));
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(ParsedNode {
+            kind: JsonKind::Number,
+            range: TextRange::new(start, self.offset),
+            children: Vec::new(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn parse_literal(&mut self, literal: &str, kind: JsonKind) -> Result<ParsedNode, String> {
+        let start = self.offset;
+        if !self.text[self.offset..].starts_with(literal) {
+            return Err(format!("expected `{literal}` at byte {}", self.offset));
+        }
+        self.offset += literal.len();
+        Ok(ParsedNode {
+            kind,
+            range: TextRange::new(start, self.offset),
+            children: Vec::new(),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_snapshot(snapshot: &ParseSnapshot, rope: &ReactiveRope, delta: Option<&EditDelta>) {
+    let metrics = rope.snapshot_metrics();
+    println!();
+    println!("Document revision {}", metrics.revision);
+    println!(
+        "Text bytes={}, leaves={}, nodes={}, reused_on_last_edit={}",
+        metrics.text.bytes, metrics.leaves, snapshot.total_nodes, snapshot.reused_nodes
+    );
+    if let Some(delta) = delta {
+        println!(
+            "Last edit: [{}..{}) -> {:?}",
+            delta.range.start, delta.range.end, delta.inserted_text
+        );
+        let focus = delta.range.start.min(snapshot.text.len().saturating_sub(1));
+        let path = path_for_offset(&snapshot.root, snapshot.root_anchor.byte, focus);
+        println!("Changed path:");
+        for (node, range) in path {
+            let start = rope.point_at(range.start);
+            let end = rope.point_at(range.end);
+            println!(
+                "  id={} kind={} span={}",
+                node.id,
+                node.kind,
+                format_span(start, end)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    if !snapshot.diagnostics.is_empty() {
+        println!("Diagnostics:");
+        for diagnostic in &snapshot.diagnostics {
+            println!("  - {diagnostic}");
+        }
+    }
+    println!("Root id={} kind={}", snapshot.root.id, snapshot.root.kind);
+    println!("Parse tree:");
+    print_tree(&snapshot.root, snapshot.root_anchor.byte, rope, 0);
+    println!("Current text:");
+    println!("{}", snapshot.text);
+}
+
+fn print_tree(node: &AstNode, parent_start: usize, rope: &ReactiveRope, depth: usize) {
+    let range = absolute_range(node, parent_start);
+    let start = rope.point_at(range.start);
+    let end = rope.point_at(range.end);
+    let indent = "  ".repeat(depth);
+    println!(
+        "{indent}- id={} kind={} span={}",
+        node.id,
+        node.kind,
+        format_span(start, end)
+    );
+    for child in &node.children {
+        print_tree(child, range.start, rope, depth + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+fn path_for_offset(root: &AstNode, root_start: usize, offset: usize) -> Vec<(&AstNode, TextRange)> {
+    fn walk<'a>(
+        node: &'a AstNode,
+        parent_start: usize,
+        offset: usize,
+        out: &mut Vec<(&'a AstNode, TextRange)>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        let range = absolute_range(node, parent_start);
+        if offset < range.start || offset >= range.end {
+            return false;
+        }
+        out.push((node, range));
+        for child in &node.children {
+            if walk(child, range.start, offset, out) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        true
+    }
+
+    let mut path = Vec::new();
+    let _ = walk(root, root_start, offset, &mut path);
+    path
+}
+
+fn format_span(start: TextPoint, end: TextPoint) -> String {
+    format!(
+        "{}:{}..{}:{}",
+        start.line + 1,
+        start.column + 1,
+        end.line + 1,
+        end.column + 1
+    )
+}
+
+fn count_nodes(node: &AstNode) -> usize {
+    1 + node.children.iter().map(count_nodes).sum::<usize>()
+}

lib/reactivity_parsing/examples/tokentree_reactive_parser.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+use std::env;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use ruin_reactivity::effect_in;
+use ruin_reactivity_parsing::{
+    ReactiveRope, ReactiveTokenTree, RopeEdit, TextRange, TokenTreeNode, TokenTreeParse,
+    TokenTreeUpdate,
+};
+use ruin_runtime::{async_main, fs, stdio};
+
+enum Command {
+    Insert { offset: usize, text: String },
+    Replace { start: usize, end: usize, text: String },
+    ReplaceAll { text: String },
+    Delete { start: usize, end: usize },
+    Print,
+    Help,
+    Quit,
+}
+
+#[async_main]
+async fn main() {
+    let path = env::args()
+        .nth(1)
+        .expect("usage: cargo run -p ruin-reactivity-parsing --example tokentree_reactive_parser -- <path/to/file>");
+    let initial_text = fs::read_to_string(&path)
+        .await
+        .expect("source file should be readable");
+
+    let reactor = ruin_reactivity::Reactor::new();
+    let rope = ReactiveRope::from_text(&reactor, &initial_text);
+    let parser = Rc::new(ReactiveTokenTree::new(&rope));
+
+    effect_in(&reactor, {
+        let parser = Rc::clone(&parser);
+        let rope = rope.clone();
+        move || {
+            parser.with_snapshot(|snapshot| {
+                let last_update = parser.last_update();
+                print_snapshot(snapshot, &rope, last_update.as_ref());
+            });
+        }
+    })
+    .leak();
+
+    println!("Commands:");
+    println!("  insert <byte_offset> <text>");
+    println!("  replace <start> <end> <text>");
+    println!("  replace_all <text>");
+    println!("  delete <start> <end>");
+    println!("  print");
+    println!("  help");
+    println!("  quit");
+
+    let mut input = stdio::stdin().expect("stdin should be available");
+    while let Some(line) = input.read_line().await.expect("stdin read should succeed") {
+        let trimmed = line.trim_end();
+        if trimmed.is_empty() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        match parse_command(trimmed) {
+            Ok(Command::Insert { offset, text }) => {
+                let _ = rope.edit(RopeEdit::insert(offset, text));
+            }
+            Ok(Command::Replace { start, end, text }) => {
+                let _ = rope.edit(RopeEdit::replace(TextRange::new(start, end), text));
+            }
+            Ok(Command::ReplaceAll { text }) => {
+                let _ = rope.edit(RopeEdit::replace(TextRange::new(0, rope.len_bytes()), text));
+            }
+            Ok(Command::Delete { start, end }) => {
+                let _ = rope.edit(RopeEdit::delete(TextRange::new(start, end)));
+            }
+            Ok(Command::Print) => {
+                let snapshot = parser.snapshot();
+                let last_update = parser.last_update();
+                print_snapshot(&snapshot, &rope, last_update.as_ref());
+            }
+            Ok(Command::Help) => {
+                println!("Commands:");
+                println!("  insert <byte_offset> <text>");
+                println!("  replace <start> <end> <text>");
+                println!("  replace_all <text>");
+                println!("  delete <start> <end>");
+                println!("  print");
+                println!("  help");
+                println!("  quit");
+            }
+            Ok(Command::Quit) => break,
+            Err(error) => eprintln!("{error}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_command(input: &str) -> Result<Command, String> {
+    if input == "quit" {
+        return Ok(Command::Quit);
+    }
+    if input == "print" {
+        return Ok(Command::Print);
+    }
+    if input == "help" {
+        return Ok(Command::Help);
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = input.strip_prefix("insert ") {
+        let (offset, text) = rest
+            .split_once(' ')
+            .ok_or_else(|| "insert expects: insert <offset> <text>".to_string())?;
+        return Ok(Command::Insert {
+            offset: offset.parse().map_err(|_| "invalid insert offset".to_string())?,
+            text: text.to_string(),
+        });
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = input.strip_prefix("replace ") {
+        let mut parts = rest.splitn(3, ' ');
+        let start = parts
+            .next()
+            .ok_or_else(|| "replace expects: replace <start> <end> <text>".to_string())?;
+        let end = parts
+            .next()
+            .ok_or_else(|| "replace expects: replace <start> <end> <text>".to_string())?;
+        let text = parts
+            .next()
+            .ok_or_else(|| "replace expects: replace <start> <end> <text>".to_string())?;
+        return Ok(Command::Replace {
+            start: start.parse().map_err(|_| "invalid replace start".to_string())?,
+            end: end.parse().map_err(|_| "invalid replace end".to_string())?,
+            text: text.to_string(),
+        });
+    }
+    if let Some(text) = input.strip_prefix("replace_all ") {
+        return Ok(Command::ReplaceAll {
+            text: text.to_string(),
+        });
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = input.strip_prefix("delete ") {
+        let (start, end) = rest
+            .split_once(' ')
+            .ok_or_else(|| "delete expects: delete <start> <end>".to_string())?;
+        return Ok(Command::Delete {
+            start: start.parse().map_err(|_| "invalid delete start".to_string())?,
+            end: end.parse().map_err(|_| "invalid delete end".to_string())?,
+        });
+    }
+    Err("unknown command; type `help`".to_string())
+}
+
+fn print_snapshot(snapshot: &TokenTreeParse, rope: &ReactiveRope, update: Option<&TokenTreeUpdate>) {
+    let metrics = rope.snapshot_metrics();
+    println!();
+    println!("Document revision {}", metrics.revision);
+    println!(
+        "Text bytes={}, leaves={}, nodes={}, reused_on_last_edit={}",
+        metrics.text.bytes,
+        metrics.leaves,
+        snapshot.stats.total_nodes,
+        snapshot.stats.reused_nodes
+    );
+    if let Some(update) = update {
+        println!(
+            "Last edit: [{}..{}) -> {:?}",
+            update.delta.range.start,
+            update.delta.range.end,
+            update.delta.inserted_text
+        );
+        println!(
+            "Diagnostics changed={}, trivia changed={}",
+            update.diagnostics_changed,
+            update.trivia_changed
+        );
+    }
+    println!("Parse tree:");
+    print_tree(snapshot, rope, &snapshot.root, 0);
+    if !snapshot.diagnostics.is_empty() {
+        println!("Diagnostics:");
+        for diagnostic in &snapshot.diagnostics {
+            println!(
+                "  {:?} [{}..{}): {}",
+                diagnostic.kind, diagnostic.range.start, diagnostic.range.end, diagnostic.message
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    if !snapshot.trivia.comments().is_empty() {
+        println!("Comments:");
+        for comment in snapshot.trivia.comments() {
+            println!(
+                "  {:?} [{}..{}): {}",
+                comment.kind, comment.range.start, comment.range.end, comment.text
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_tree(snapshot: &TokenTreeParse, rope: &ReactiveRope, node: &TokenTreeNode, depth: usize) {
+    let indent = "  ".repeat(depth);
+    let (start, end) = snapshot
+        .absolute_span(rope, node.id)
+        .expect("node span should be available");
+    println!(
+        "{}- id={} kind={} span=({}:{})..({}:{})",
+        indent, node.id, node.kind, start.line, start.column, end.line, end.column
+    );
+    for child in &node.children {
+        print_tree(snapshot, rope, child, depth + 1);
+    }
+}

lib/reactivity_parsing/src/delta.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+use crate::metrics::{TextMetrics, TextPoint};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct TextRange {
+    pub start: usize,
+    pub end: usize,
+}
+
+impl TextRange {
+    pub const fn new(start: usize, end: usize) -> Self {
+        Self { start, end }
+    }
+
+    pub const fn len(self) -> usize {
+        self.end - self.start
+    }
+
+    pub const fn is_empty(self) -> bool {
+        self.start == self.end
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct RopeEdit {
+    pub range: TextRange,
+    pub insert: String,
+}
+
+impl RopeEdit {
+    pub fn insert(offset: usize, text: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            range: TextRange::new(offset, offset),
+            insert: text.into(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn delete(range: TextRange) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            range,
+            insert: String::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn replace(range: TextRange, text: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            range,
+            insert: text.into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct EditDelta {
+    pub range: TextRange,
+    pub removed_text: String,
+    pub inserted_text: String,
+    pub removed: TextMetrics,
+    pub inserted: TextMetrics,
+    pub start: TextPoint,
+    pub old_end: TextPoint,
+    pub new_end: TextPoint,
+}
+
+impl EditDelta {
+    pub fn net_byte_delta(&self) -> isize {
+        self.inserted.bytes as isize - self.removed.bytes as isize
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum AnchorBias {
+    Left,
+    Right,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Anchor {
+    pub byte: usize,
+    pub bias: AnchorBias,
+}
+
+impl Anchor {
+    pub const fn new(byte: usize, bias: AnchorBias) -> Self {
+        Self { byte, bias }
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_through(&mut self, delta: &EditDelta) {
+        if self.byte < delta.range.start {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if self.byte > delta.range.end {
+            self.byte = self.byte.saturating_add_signed(delta.net_byte_delta());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        self.byte = match self.bias {
+            AnchorBias::Left => delta.range.start,
+            AnchorBias::Right => delta.range.start + delta.inserted.bytes,
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::{Anchor, AnchorBias, EditDelta, RopeEdit, TextRange};
+    use crate::{TextMetrics, TextPoint};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn constructors_build_expected_edits() {
+        assert_eq!(RopeEdit::insert(2, "x").range, TextRange::new(2, 2));
+        assert_eq!(RopeEdit::delete(TextRange::new(2, 4)).insert, "");
+        assert_eq!(RopeEdit::replace(TextRange::new(1, 3), "zz").insert, "zz");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn text_range_helpers_report_size() {
+        let range = TextRange::new(3, 7);
+        assert_eq!(range.len(), 4);
+        assert!(!range.is_empty());
+        assert!(TextRange::new(5, 5).is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn anchors_map_before_inside_and_after_edits() {
+        let delta = EditDelta {
+            range: TextRange::new(4, 7),
+            removed_text: "abc".into(),
+            inserted_text: "x".into(),
+            removed: TextMetrics::from_text("abc"),
+            inserted: TextMetrics::from_text("x"),
+            start: TextPoint::origin().advance("1234"),
+            old_end: TextPoint::origin().advance("1234abc"),
+            new_end: TextPoint::origin().advance("1234x"),
+        };
+
+        let mut before = Anchor::new(2, AnchorBias::Left);
+        let mut inside_left = Anchor::new(5, AnchorBias::Left);
+        let mut inside_right = Anchor::new(5, AnchorBias::Right);
+        let mut after = Anchor::new(10, AnchorBias::Left);
+
+        before.map_through(&delta);
+        inside_left.map_through(&delta);
+        inside_right.map_through(&delta);
+        after.map_through(&delta);
+
+        assert_eq!(before.byte, 2);
+        assert_eq!(inside_left.byte, 4);
+        assert_eq!(inside_right.byte, 5);
+        assert_eq!(after.byte, 8);
+    }
+}

lib/reactivity_parsing/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//! Reactive rope text storage and incremental parsing substrate for RUIN.
+
+mod delta;
+mod metrics;
+mod parse;
+mod rope;
+mod tokentree;
+
+pub use delta::{Anchor, AnchorBias, EditDelta, RopeEdit, TextRange};
+pub use metrics::{TextMetrics, TextPoint};
+pub use parse::{
+    IncrementalParser, ParseError, ParseInvalidation, ParseResult, ParserCheckpoint, ParseTree,
+    SyntaxFragment,
+};
+pub use rope::{
+    DEFAULT_LEAF_TARGET_BYTES, ReactiveRope, RopeBuilder, RopeChunk, RopeCursor,
+    RopeSnapshotMetrics,
+};
+pub use tokentree::{
+    DelimiterKind, NumberBase, NumberLiteral, NumberSuffix, StringDelimiter, StringFragment,
+    ReactiveTokenTree, TokenTreeDiagnostic, TokenTreeDiagnosticKind, TokenTreeNode,
+    TokenTreeNodeKind, TokenTreeParse, TokenTreeParser, TokenTreeStats, TokenTreeUpdate,
+    TriviaComment, TriviaKind, TriviaStore,
+};

lib/reactivity_parsing/src/metrics.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+use core::fmt;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct TextMetrics {
+    pub bytes: usize,
+    pub chars: usize,
+    pub utf16: usize,
+    pub line_breaks: usize,
+}
+
+impl TextMetrics {
+    pub fn from_text(text: &str) -> Self {
+        let mut metrics = Self::default();
+        for ch in text.chars() {
+            metrics.bytes += ch.len_utf8();
+            metrics.chars += 1;
+            metrics.utf16 += ch.len_utf16();
+            metrics.line_breaks += usize::from(ch == '\n');
+        }
+        metrics
+    }
+}
+
+impl core::ops::Add for TextMetrics {
+    type Output = Self;
+
+    fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+        Self {
+            bytes: self.bytes + rhs.bytes,
+            chars: self.chars + rhs.chars,
+            utf16: self.utf16 + rhs.utf16,
+            line_breaks: self.line_breaks + rhs.line_breaks,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl core::ops::AddAssign for TextMetrics {
+    fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
+        *self = *self + rhs;
+    }
+}
+
+impl core::ops::Sub for TextMetrics {
+    type Output = Self;
+
+    fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+        Self {
+            bytes: self.bytes - rhs.bytes,
+            chars: self.chars - rhs.chars,
+            utf16: self.utf16 - rhs.utf16,
+            line_breaks: self.line_breaks - rhs.line_breaks,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct TextPoint {
+    pub byte: usize,
+    pub char_offset: usize,
+    pub utf16_offset: usize,
+    pub line: usize,
+    pub column: usize,
+}
+
+impl TextPoint {
+    pub const fn origin() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            byte: 0,
+            char_offset: 0,
+            utf16_offset: 0,
+            line: 0,
+            column: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn advance(mut self, text: &str) -> Self {
+        self.byte += text.len();
+        for ch in text.chars() {
+            self.char_offset += 1;
+            self.utf16_offset += ch.len_utf16();
+            if ch == '\n' {
+                self.line += 1;
+                self.column = 0;
+            } else {
+                self.column += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for TextPoint {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("TextPoint")
+            .field("byte", &self.byte)
+            .field("char_offset", &self.char_offset)
+            .field("utf16_offset", &self.utf16_offset)
+            .field("line", &self.line)
+            .field("column", &self.column)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::{TextMetrics, TextPoint};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn metrics_count_utf8_utf16_and_lines() {
+        let metrics = TextMetrics::from_text("a\né🙂");
+        assert_eq!(metrics.bytes, "a\né🙂".len());
+        assert_eq!(metrics.chars, 4);
+        assert_eq!(metrics.utf16, 5);
+        assert_eq!(metrics.line_breaks, 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn metrics_support_arithmetic() {
+        let left = TextMetrics::from_text("hello\n");
+        let right = TextMetrics::from_text("🙂");
+        let combined = left + right;
+
+        assert_eq!(combined.bytes, "hello\n🙂".len());
+        assert_eq!(combined.chars, 7);
+        assert_eq!(combined.utf16, 8);
+        assert_eq!(combined.line_breaks, 1);
+        assert_eq!(combined - right, left);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn point_advance_tracks_offsets() {
+        let point = TextPoint::origin().advance("ab\n🙂");
+        assert_eq!(point.byte, "ab\n🙂".len());
+        assert_eq!(point.char_offset, 4);
+        assert_eq!(point.utf16_offset, 5);
+        assert_eq!(point.line, 1);
+        assert_eq!(point.column, 1);
+    }
+}

lib/reactivity_parsing/src/parse.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+use core::fmt;
+
+use crate::{RopeCursor, TextRange};
+
+pub trait ParserCheckpoint: Clone + Eq + fmt::Debug + 'static {}
+
+impl<T> ParserCheckpoint for T where T: Clone + Eq + fmt::Debug + 'static {}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct SyntaxFragment<C, T, D> {
+    pub range: TextRange,
+    pub start_checkpoint: C,
+    pub end_checkpoint: C,
+    pub tree: T,
+    pub diagnostics: Vec<D>,
+    pub grammar_revision: u64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ParseTree<T> {
+    pub root: T,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ParseInvalidation<C> {
+    pub resume_at: usize,
+    pub restart_checkpoint: C,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ParseResult<C, T, D> {
+    pub tree: ParseTree<T>,
+    pub fragments: Vec<SyntaxFragment<C, T, D>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ParseError {
+    pub message: String,
+}
+
+impl ParseError {
+    pub fn new(message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            message: message.into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait IncrementalParser {
+    type Checkpoint: ParserCheckpoint;
+    type Tree: Clone + fmt::Debug + 'static;
+    type Diagnostic: Clone + fmt::Debug + 'static;
+
+    fn grammar_revision(&self) -> u64;
+
+    fn initial_checkpoint(&self) -> Self::Checkpoint;
+
+    fn invalidate(
+        &self,
+        delta_range: TextRange,
+        previous_fragments: &[SyntaxFragment<Self::Checkpoint, Self::Tree, Self::Diagnostic>],
+    ) -> ParseInvalidation<Self::Checkpoint>;
+
+    fn parse(
+        &self,
+        cursor: RopeCursor,
+        fragments: &[SyntaxFragment<Self::Checkpoint, Self::Tree, Self::Diagnostic>],
+        invalidation: ParseInvalidation<Self::Checkpoint>,
+    ) -> Result<ParseResult<Self::Checkpoint, Self::Tree, Self::Diagnostic>, ParseError>;
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::cell::Cell;
+    use std::rc::Rc;
+
+    use ruin_reactivity::Reactor;
+
+    use super::{
+        IncrementalParser, ParseError, ParseInvalidation, ParseResult, ParseTree, SyntaxFragment,
+    };
+    use crate::{ReactiveRope, RopeCursor, TextRange};
+
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+    struct DummyParser {
+        parse_calls: Rc<Cell<usize>>,
+    }
+
+    impl IncrementalParser for DummyParser {
+        type Checkpoint = u8;
+        type Tree = String;
+        type Diagnostic = String;
+
+        fn grammar_revision(&self) -> u64 {
+            7
+        }
+
+        fn initial_checkpoint(&self) -> Self::Checkpoint {
+            0
+        }
+
+        fn invalidate(
+            &self,
+            delta_range: TextRange,
+            _previous_fragments: &[SyntaxFragment<Self::Checkpoint, Self::Tree, Self::Diagnostic>],
+        ) -> ParseInvalidation<Self::Checkpoint> {
+            ParseInvalidation {
+                resume_at: delta_range.start.saturating_sub(1),
+                restart_checkpoint: 1,
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn parse(
+            &self,
+            mut cursor: RopeCursor,
+            _fragments: &[SyntaxFragment<Self::Checkpoint, Self::Tree, Self::Diagnostic>],
+            invalidation: ParseInvalidation<Self::Checkpoint>,
+        ) -> Result<ParseResult<Self::Checkpoint, Self::Tree, Self::Diagnostic>, ParseError> {
+            self.parse_calls.set(self.parse_calls.get() + 1);
+            let text = cursor.read_bytes(usize::MAX);
+            Ok(ParseResult {
+                tree: ParseTree { root: text.clone() },
+                fragments: vec![SyntaxFragment {
+                    range: TextRange::new(invalidation.resume_at, invalidation.resume_at + text.len()),
+                    start_checkpoint: invalidation.restart_checkpoint,
+                    end_checkpoint: 2,
+                    tree: text,
+                    diagnostics: Vec::new(),
+                    grammar_revision: self.grammar_revision(),
+                }],
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_error_constructor_sets_message() {
+        let error = ParseError::new("bad");
+        assert_eq!(error.message, "bad");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parser_trait_round_trip_produces_fragments() {
+        let reactor = Reactor::new();
+        let rope = ReactiveRope::from_text(&reactor, "{\"a\":1}");
+        let parser = DummyParser {
+            parse_calls: Rc::new(Cell::new(0)),
+        };
+
+        let invalidation = parser.invalidate(TextRange::new(3, 4), &[]);
+        assert_eq!(invalidation.resume_at, 2);
+        assert_eq!(invalidation.restart_checkpoint, 1);
+
+        let result = parser
+            .parse(rope.cursor(0), &[], invalidation)
+            .expect("dummy parse should succeed");
+
+        assert_eq!(result.tree.root, "{\"a\":1}");
+        assert_eq!(result.fragments.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(result.fragments[0].grammar_revision, 7);
+        assert_eq!(parser.parse_calls.get(), 1);
+    }
+}

lib/reactivity_parsing/src/rope.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,720 @@
+use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
+use std::cmp::min;
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use ruin_reactivity::{Event, Reactor, Source, event_in, source_in};
+
+use crate::delta::{EditDelta, RopeEdit, TextRange};
+use crate::metrics::{TextMetrics, TextPoint};
+
+pub const DEFAULT_LEAF_TARGET_BYTES: usize = 1024;
+const DEFAULT_LEAF_MAX_BYTES: usize = DEFAULT_LEAF_TARGET_BYTES * 2;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ReactiveRope {
+    inner: Rc<RopeInner>,
+}
+
+pub struct RopeBuilder {
+    reactor: Reactor,
+    leaf_target_bytes: usize,
+    chunks: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct RopeChunk {
+    text: Rc<str>,
+    pub start: TextPoint,
+    pub metrics: TextMetrics,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct RopeCursor {
+    rope: ReactiveRope,
+    next_offset: usize,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct RopeSnapshotMetrics {
+    pub leaves: usize,
+    pub text: TextMetrics,
+    pub revision: u64,
+}
+
+struct RopeInner {
+    reactor: Reactor,
+    structure: Source,
+    revision: Cell<u64>,
+    leaf_target_bytes: usize,
+    leaves: RefCell<Vec<Rc<Leaf>>>,
+    edit_events: Event<EditDelta>,
+}
+
+struct Leaf {
+    source: Source,
+    text: RefCell<Rc<str>>,
+    metrics: Cell<TextMetrics>,
+    tail_chars: Cell<usize>,
+}
+
+impl RopeBuilder {
+    pub fn new(reactor: &Reactor) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            reactor: reactor.clone(),
+            leaf_target_bytes: DEFAULT_LEAF_TARGET_BYTES,
+            chunks: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn leaf_target_bytes(mut self, bytes: usize) -> Self {
+        self.leaf_target_bytes = bytes.max(32);
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn push(mut self, text: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        self.chunks.push(text.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn build(self) -> ReactiveRope {
+        ReactiveRope::from_chunks(self.reactor, self.leaf_target_bytes, self.chunks)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ReactiveRope {
+    pub fn new(reactor: &Reactor) -> Self {
+        RopeBuilder::new(reactor).build()
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_text(reactor: &Reactor, text: impl AsRef<str>) -> Self {
+        RopeBuilder::new(reactor).push(text.as_ref()).build()
+    }
+
+    fn from_chunks(reactor: Reactor, leaf_target_bytes: usize, chunks: Vec<String>) -> Self {
+        let structure = source_in(&reactor);
+        let edit_events = event_in(&reactor);
+        let mut leaves = Vec::new();
+        for chunk in chunks {
+            Self::append_chunk_into(&reactor, leaf_target_bytes, &mut leaves, &chunk);
+        }
+        if leaves.is_empty() {
+            leaves.push(Rc::new(Leaf::new(&reactor, String::new())));
+        }
+
+        Self {
+            inner: Rc::new(RopeInner {
+                reactor,
+                structure,
+                revision: Cell::new(0),
+                leaf_target_bytes,
+                leaves: RefCell::new(leaves),
+                edit_events,
+            }),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn edit_events(&self) -> Event<EditDelta> {
+        self.inner.edit_events.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn reactor(&self) -> Reactor {
+        self.inner.reactor.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn snapshot_metrics(&self) -> RopeSnapshotMetrics {
+        self.inner.structure.observe();
+        RopeSnapshotMetrics {
+            leaves: self.inner.leaves.borrow().len(),
+            text: self.total_metrics(),
+            revision: self.inner.revision.get(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn len_bytes(&self) -> usize {
+        self.total_metrics().bytes
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.len_bytes() == 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_string(&self) -> String {
+        self.slice(TextRange::new(0, self.len_bytes()))
+    }
+
+    pub fn point_at(&self, offset: usize) -> TextPoint {
+        self.inner.structure.observe();
+        let offset = offset.min(self.len_bytes());
+        let mut point = TextPoint::origin();
+        let leaves = self.inner.leaves.borrow();
+        let mut remaining = offset;
+        for leaf in &*leaves {
+            let bytes = leaf.metrics.get().bytes;
+            if remaining > bytes {
+                remaining -= bytes;
+                point.byte += bytes;
+                point.char_offset += leaf.metrics.get().chars;
+                point.utf16_offset += leaf.metrics.get().utf16;
+                point.line += leaf.metrics.get().line_breaks;
+                if leaf.metrics.get().line_breaks == 0 {
+                    point.column += leaf.tail_chars.get();
+                } else {
+                    point.column = leaf.tail_chars.get();
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            let text = leaf.read();
+            point = point.advance(&text[..remaining]);
+            return point;
+        }
+        point
+    }
+
+    pub fn slice(&self, range: TextRange) -> String {
+        self.inner.structure.observe();
+        self.assert_char_boundary(range.start);
+        self.assert_char_boundary(range.end);
+        assert!(range.start <= range.end, "invalid text range");
+        assert!(range.end <= self.len_bytes(), "range out of bounds");
+
+        let mut out = String::with_capacity(range.len());
+        let mut cursor = 0usize;
+        let leaves = self.inner.leaves.borrow();
+        for leaf in &*leaves {
+            let metrics = leaf.metrics.get();
+            let end = cursor + metrics.bytes;
+            if end <= range.start {
+                cursor = end;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if cursor >= range.end {
+                break;
+            }
+            let text = leaf.read();
+            let start_in_leaf = range.start.saturating_sub(cursor);
+            let end_in_leaf = min(metrics.bytes, range.end - cursor);
+            out.push_str(&text[start_in_leaf..end_in_leaf]);
+            cursor = end;
+        }
+        out
+    }
+
+    pub fn chunk_at(&self, offset: usize) -> Option<RopeChunk> {
+        self.inner.structure.observe();
+        if offset >= self.len_bytes() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let mut start = TextPoint::origin();
+        let leaves = self.inner.leaves.borrow();
+        let mut cursor = 0usize;
+        for leaf in &*leaves {
+            let metrics = leaf.metrics.get();
+            let end = cursor + metrics.bytes;
+            if offset < end {
+                let text = leaf.read();
+                leaf.source.observe();
+                return Some(RopeChunk {
+                    text,
+                    start,
+                    metrics,
+                });
+            }
+            start.byte += metrics.bytes;
+            start.char_offset += metrics.chars;
+            start.utf16_offset += metrics.utf16;
+            start.line += metrics.line_breaks;
+            if metrics.line_breaks == 0 {
+                start.column += leaf.tail_chars.get();
+            } else {
+                start.column = leaf.tail_chars.get();
+            }
+            cursor = end;
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
+    pub fn cursor(&self, offset: usize) -> RopeCursor {
+        RopeCursor {
+            rope: self.clone(),
+            next_offset: offset.min(self.len_bytes()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn edit(&self, edit: RopeEdit) -> EditDelta {
+        let delta = self.apply_edit(edit);
+        self.inner.edit_events.emit(delta.clone());
+        delta
+    }
+
+    pub fn edit_batch(&self, edits: impl IntoIterator<Item = RopeEdit>) -> Vec<EditDelta> {
+        let mut deltas = Vec::new();
+        for edit in edits {
+            let delta = self.apply_edit(edit);
+            self.inner.edit_events.emit(delta.clone());
+            deltas.push(delta);
+        }
+        deltas
+    }
+
+    fn apply_edit(&self, edit: RopeEdit) -> EditDelta {
+        assert!(edit.range.start <= edit.range.end, "invalid edit range");
+        assert!(edit.range.end <= self.len_bytes(), "edit range out of bounds");
+        self.assert_char_boundary(edit.range.start);
+        self.assert_char_boundary(edit.range.end);
+        assert!(
+            edit.insert.is_char_boundary(edit.insert.len()),
+            "replacement text must be valid UTF-8"
+        );
+
+        let old_start = self.point_at(edit.range.start);
+        let old_end = self.point_at(edit.range.end);
+        let removed_text = self.slice(edit.range);
+        let removed = TextMetrics::from_text(&removed_text);
+        let inserted = TextMetrics::from_text(&edit.insert);
+
+        let mut leaves = self.inner.leaves.borrow_mut();
+        let mut cursor = 0usize;
+        let mut first_index = None;
+        let mut last_index = None;
+        let mut prefix = String::new();
+        let mut suffix = String::new();
+
+        for (index, leaf) in leaves.iter().enumerate() {
+            let text = leaf.read();
+            let end = cursor + text.len();
+            if first_index.is_none() && edit.range.start <= end {
+                first_index = Some(index);
+                let split = edit.range.start.saturating_sub(cursor);
+                prefix.push_str(&text[..split]);
+            }
+            if first_index.is_some() && edit.range.end <= end {
+                last_index = Some(index);
+                let split = edit.range.end.saturating_sub(cursor);
+                suffix.push_str(&text[split..]);
+                break;
+            }
+            cursor = end;
+        }
+
+        let first_index = first_index.unwrap_or_else(|| leaves.len().saturating_sub(1));
+        let last_index = last_index.unwrap_or(first_index);
+
+        let mut replacement = prefix;
+        replacement.push_str(&edit.insert);
+        replacement.push_str(&suffix);
+
+        let structure_changed = last_index > first_index || replacement.len() > DEFAULT_LEAF_MAX_BYTES;
+        if !structure_changed {
+            if let Some(leaf) = leaves.get(first_index) {
+                leaf.set_text(replacement);
+                leaf.source.trigger();
+            }
+        } else {
+            let mut replacement_leaves = Vec::new();
+            Self::append_chunk_into(
+                &self.inner.reactor,
+                self.inner.leaf_target_bytes,
+                &mut replacement_leaves,
+                &replacement,
+            );
+            if replacement_leaves.is_empty() {
+                replacement_leaves.push(Rc::new(Leaf::new(&self.inner.reactor, String::new())));
+            }
+
+            let removed_span = leaves.splice(first_index..=last_index, replacement_leaves);
+            let mut touched = BTreeSet::new();
+            for leaf in removed_span {
+                touched.insert(leaf.source.id());
+            }
+            for leaf in leaves.iter().skip(first_index) {
+                touched.insert(leaf.source.id());
+            }
+            for leaf in &*leaves {
+                if touched.contains(&leaf.source.id()) {
+                    leaf.source.trigger();
+                }
+            }
+            self.inner.structure.trigger();
+        }
+
+        self.inner.revision.set(self.inner.revision.get().wrapping_add(1));
+
+        let new_end = old_start.advance(&edit.insert);
+        drop(leaves);
+
+        EditDelta {
+            range: edit.range,
+            removed_text,
+            inserted_text: edit.insert,
+            removed,
+            inserted,
+            start: old_start,
+            old_end,
+            new_end,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn total_metrics(&self) -> TextMetrics {
+        self.inner
+            .leaves
+            .borrow()
+            .iter()
+            .fold(TextMetrics::default(), |sum, leaf| sum + leaf.metrics.get())
+    }
+
+    fn append_chunk_into(
+        reactor: &Reactor,
+        leaf_target_bytes: usize,
+        out: &mut Vec<Rc<Leaf>>,
+        text: &str,
+    ) {
+        if text.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let max_bytes = (leaf_target_bytes.max(32)) * 2;
+        let mut start = 0usize;
+        while start < text.len() {
+            let mut end = min(text.len(), start + max_bytes);
+            while end > start && !text.is_char_boundary(end) {
+                end -= 1;
+            }
+            if end == start {
+                end = text.len();
+            }
+            out.push(Rc::new(Leaf::new(reactor, text[start..end].to_string())));
+            start = end;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn assert_char_boundary(&self, offset: usize) {
+        if offset == self.len_bytes() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let leaves = self.inner.leaves.borrow();
+        let mut cursor = 0usize;
+        for leaf in &*leaves {
+            let bytes = leaf.metrics.get().bytes;
+            let end = cursor + bytes;
+            if offset < end {
+                let text = leaf.read();
+                assert!(text.is_char_boundary(offset - cursor), "offset must be a char boundary");
+                return;
+            }
+            cursor = end;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl RopeChunk {
+    pub fn text(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.text
+    }
+}
+
+impl RopeCursor {
+    pub fn offset(&self) -> usize {
+        self.next_offset
+    }
+
+    pub fn peek_chunk(&self) -> Option<RopeChunk> {
+        let chunk = self.rope.chunk_at(self.next_offset)?;
+        let local = self.next_offset.saturating_sub(chunk.start.byte);
+        if local == 0 {
+            return Some(chunk);
+        }
+
+        let partial = &chunk.text()[local..];
+        Some(RopeChunk {
+            text: Rc::from(partial),
+            start: self.rope.point_at(self.next_offset),
+            metrics: TextMetrics::from_text(partial),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn next_chunk(&mut self) -> Option<RopeChunk> {
+        let chunk = self.peek_chunk()?;
+        let end = chunk.start.byte + chunk.metrics.bytes;
+        self.next_offset = end;
+        Some(chunk)
+    }
+
+    pub fn read_bytes(&mut self, len: usize) -> String {
+        let start = self.next_offset;
+        let end = min(self.rope.len_bytes(), start + len);
+        let slice = self.rope.slice(TextRange::new(start, end));
+        self.next_offset = end;
+        slice
+    }
+}
+
+impl Leaf {
+    fn new(reactor: &Reactor, text: String) -> Self {
+        let text: Rc<str> = Rc::from(text);
+        let metrics = TextMetrics::from_text(&text);
+        let tail_chars = tail_chars(&text);
+        Self {
+            source: source_in(reactor),
+            text: RefCell::new(text),
+            metrics: Cell::new(metrics),
+            tail_chars: Cell::new(tail_chars),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn read(&self) -> Rc<str> {
+        self.source.observe();
+        self.text.borrow().clone()
+    }
+
+    fn set_text(&self, text: String) {
+        let text: Rc<str> = Rc::from(text);
+        self.metrics.set(TextMetrics::from_text(&text));
+        self.tail_chars.set(tail_chars(&text));
+        *self.text.borrow_mut() = text;
+    }
+}
+
+fn tail_chars(text: &str) -> usize {
+    match text.rfind('\n') {
+        Some(index) => text[index + 1..].chars().count(),
+        None => text.chars().count(),
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::cell::Cell as Counter;
+    use std::cell::RefCell;
+    use std::panic::{AssertUnwindSafe, catch_unwind};
+    use std::rc::Rc;
+
+    use ruin_reactivity::{Reactor, thunk_in};
+
+    use crate::{Anchor, AnchorBias, ReactiveRope, RopeBuilder, RopeEdit, TextRange};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn edits_preserve_text_and_metrics() {
+        let reactor = Reactor::new();
+        let rope = ReactiveRope::from_text(&reactor, "hello\nworld");
+
+        let delta = rope.edit(RopeEdit::replace(TextRange::new(5, 6), ", "));
+
+        assert_eq!(rope.to_string(), "hello, world");
+        assert_eq!(delta.removed_text, "\n");
+        assert_eq!(delta.inserted_text, ", ");
+        assert_eq!(rope.snapshot_metrics().text.bytes, "hello, world".len());
+        assert_eq!(rope.snapshot_metrics().text.line_breaks, 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cursor_walks_tokens_across_leaf_boundaries() {
+        let reactor = Reactor::new();
+        let rope = RopeBuilder::new(&reactor)
+            .leaf_target_bytes(4)
+            .push("alpha")
+            .push("beta")
+            .build();
+        let mut cursor = rope.cursor(3);
+
+        assert_eq!(cursor.read_bytes(4), "habe");
+        let rest = cursor.next_chunk().expect("remaining chunk");
+        assert_eq!(rest.text(), "ta");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn anchors_map_through_insertions() {
+        let reactor = Reactor::new();
+        let rope = ReactiveRope::from_text(&reactor, "abcdef");
+        let mut left = Anchor::new(3, AnchorBias::Left);
+        let mut right = Anchor::new(3, AnchorBias::Right);
+
+        let delta = rope.edit(RopeEdit::insert(3, "XYZ"));
+        left.map_through(&delta);
+        right.map_through(&delta);
+
+        assert_eq!(left.byte, 3);
+        assert_eq!(right.byte, 6);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn disjoint_leaf_reads_do_not_recompute_on_local_edit() {
+        let reactor = Reactor::new();
+        let rope = RopeBuilder::new(&reactor)
+            .leaf_target_bytes(64)
+            .push("a".repeat(80))
+            .push("b".repeat(80))
+            .build();
+
+        let first_runs = Rc::new(Counter::new(0usize));
+        let second_runs = Rc::new(Counter::new(0usize));
+
+        let first = thunk_in(&reactor, {
+            let rope = rope.clone();
+            let first_runs = Rc::clone(&first_runs);
+            move || {
+                first_runs.set(first_runs.get() + 1);
+                rope.slice(TextRange::new(0, 10))
+            }
+        });
+
+        let second = thunk_in(&reactor, {
+            let rope = rope.clone();
+            let second_runs = Rc::clone(&second_runs);
+            move || {
+                second_runs.set(second_runs.get() + 1);
+                rope.slice(TextRange::new(90, 100))
+            }
+        });
+
+        assert_eq!(first.get(), "aaaaaaaaaa");
+        assert_eq!(second.get(), "bbbbbbbbbb");
+        rope.edit(RopeEdit::replace(TextRange::new(2, 4), "zz"));
+
+        assert_eq!(first.get(), "aazzaaaaaa");
+        assert_eq!(second.get(), "bbbbbbbbbb");
+        assert_eq!(first_runs.get(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(second_runs.get(), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn point_at_tracks_multibyte_offsets() {
+        let reactor = Reactor::new();
+        let rope = ReactiveRope::from_text(&reactor, "a\né🙂");
+
+        assert_eq!(rope.point_at(0).byte, 0);
+        assert_eq!(rope.point_at(2).line, 1);
+        assert_eq!(rope.point_at(4).char_offset, 3);
+        assert_eq!(rope.point_at("a\né🙂".len()).utf16_offset, 5);
+        assert_eq!(rope.point_at("a\né".len()).column, 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn point_at_tracks_column_across_leaves() {
+        let reactor = Reactor::new();
+        let rope = RopeBuilder::new(&reactor)
+            .leaf_target_bytes(4)
+            .push("ab\n")
+            .push("cde")
+            .build();
+
+        let point = rope.point_at("ab\ncd".len());
+        assert_eq!(point.line, 1);
+        assert_eq!(point.column, 2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn chunk_at_and_peek_chunk_respect_boundaries() {
+        let reactor = Reactor::new();
+        let rope = RopeBuilder::new(&reactor)
+            .leaf_target_bytes(4)
+            .push("abcd")
+            .push("efgh")
+            .build();
+
+        let first = rope.chunk_at(0).expect("chunk at start");
+        assert_eq!(first.text(), "abcd");
+
+        let second = rope.chunk_at(4).expect("chunk at split");
+        assert_eq!(second.text(), "efgh");
+        assert!(rope.chunk_at(8).is_none());
+
+        let mut cursor = rope.cursor(2);
+        let partial = cursor.peek_chunk().expect("partial chunk");
+        assert_eq!(partial.text(), "cd");
+        let advanced = cursor.next_chunk().expect("advanced chunk");
+        assert_eq!(advanced.text(), "cd");
+        assert_eq!(cursor.offset(), 4);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cursor_stops_at_end_of_document() {
+        let reactor = Reactor::new();
+        let rope = RopeBuilder::new(&reactor)
+            .leaf_target_bytes(4)
+            .push("abcd")
+            .push("ef")
+            .build();
+        let mut cursor = rope.cursor(0);
+        let mut chunks = Vec::new();
+        while let Some(chunk) = cursor.next_chunk() {
+            chunks.push(chunk.text().to_string());
+        }
+
+        assert_eq!(chunks, vec!["abcd".to_string(), "ef".to_string()]);
+        assert!(cursor.next_chunk().is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn batch_edits_return_deltas_and_increment_revision() {
+        let reactor = Reactor::new();
+        let rope = ReactiveRope::from_text(&reactor, "abcdef");
+        let before = rope.snapshot_metrics().revision;
+
+        let deltas = rope.edit_batch([
+            RopeEdit::replace(TextRange::new(1, 3), "ZZ"),
+            RopeEdit::delete(TextRange::new(4, 6)),
+        ]);
+
+        assert_eq!(deltas.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(rope.to_string(), "aZZd");
+        assert_eq!(rope.snapshot_metrics().revision, before + 2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn delete_to_empty_preserves_valid_empty_rope() {
+        let reactor = Reactor::new();
+        let rope = ReactiveRope::from_text(&reactor, "hello");
+
+        let delta = rope.edit(RopeEdit::delete(TextRange::new(0, 5)));
+
+        assert_eq!(delta.removed_text, "hello");
+        assert!(rope.is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(rope.to_string(), "");
+        assert_eq!(rope.snapshot_metrics().leaves, 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn structure_changing_edit_updates_leaf_count() {
+        let reactor = Reactor::new();
+        let rope = RopeBuilder::new(&reactor)
+            .leaf_target_bytes(8)
+            .push("abcdefgh")
+            .push("ijklmnop")
+            .build();
+        let before = rope.snapshot_metrics();
+
+        rope.edit(RopeEdit::insert(8, "QRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"));
+        let after = rope.snapshot_metrics();
+
+        assert!(after.leaves >= before.leaves);
+        assert!(after.text.bytes > before.text.bytes);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn invalid_char_boundary_panics() {
+        let reactor = Reactor::new();
+        let rope = ReactiveRope::from_text(&reactor, "é");
+
+        let panic = catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
+            let _ = rope.slice(TextRange::new(1, 2));
+        }));
+
+        assert!(panic.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn edit_events_emit_immediately() {
+        let reactor = Reactor::new();
+        let rope = ReactiveRope::from_text(&reactor, "abc");
+        let seen = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Vec::new()));
+        let _sub = rope.edit_events().subscribe({
+            let seen = Rc::clone(&seen);
+            move |delta| seen.borrow_mut().push((delta.range, delta.inserted_text.clone()))
+        });
+
+        rope.edit(RopeEdit::insert(1, "Z"));
+
+        assert_eq!(&*seen.borrow(), &[(TextRange::new(1, 1), "Z".to_string())]);
+    }
+}

lib/ruin_app/src/app.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ use ruin_ui::{
 use ruin_ui_platform_wayland::start_wayland_ui;
 
 use crate::Result;
-use crate::context::{RenderState, render_with_context};
+use crate::context::{
+    InteractionSnapshot, RenderState, render_with_context, render_with_context_and_interaction,
+};
 use crate::input::{
     EventBindings, InputState, ShortcutBinding, TextSelection, TextSelectionDrag,
     TextSelectionState, apply_text_selection_overlay, focused_element_for_pointer,
@@ -58,6 +60,11 @@ impl Window {
         self.spec = self.spec.base_color(color);
         self
     }
+
+    pub fn resizable(mut self, resizable: bool) -> Self {
+        self.spec.resizable = resizable;
+        self
+    }
 }
 
 impl Default for Window {
@@ -160,7 +167,10 @@ impl<M: Mountable> MountedApp<M> {
         let shortcuts = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Vec::<ShortcutBinding>::new()));
         let current_title = Rc::new(RefCell::new(None::<String>));
         let last_min_size = Rc::new(RefCell::new(None::<UiSize>));
+        let last_fixed_size = Rc::new(RefCell::new(None::<UiSize>));
         let explicit_min_size = app_window.spec.min_inner_size;
+        let explicit_max_size = app_window.spec.max_inner_size;
+        let window_resizable = app_window.spec.resizable;
         let mut input_state = InputState::new();
         let mut pointer_router = PointerRouter::new();
 
@@ -174,18 +184,31 @@ impl<M: Mountable> MountedApp<M> {
             let shortcuts = Rc::clone(&shortcuts);
             let current_title = Rc::clone(&current_title);
             let last_min_size = Rc::clone(&last_min_size);
+            let last_fixed_size = Rc::clone(&last_fixed_size);
             let root = Rc::clone(&root);
             let render_state = Rc::clone(&render_state);
             let text_selection = Rc::clone(&input_state.text_selection);
+            let hovered_elements = input_state.hovered_elements.clone();
+            let pressed_elements = input_state.pressed_elements.clone();
+            let interaction_version = input_state.interaction_version.clone();
             move || {
                 let viewport = viewport.get();
                 let version = scene_version.get().wrapping_add(1);
                 scene_version.set(version);
                 let _ = text_selection.version.get();
+                let _ = interaction_version.get();
 
                 let t_effect = Instant::now();
+                let interaction_snapshot = Rc::new(InteractionSnapshot {
+                    hovered: hovered_elements.get(),
+                    pressed: pressed_elements.get(),
+                });
 
-                let render_output = render_with_context(Rc::clone(&render_state), || root.render());
+                let render_output = render_with_context_and_interaction(
+                    Rc::clone(&render_state),
+                    interaction_snapshot,
+                    || root.render(),
+                );
 
                 if render_output.side_effects.window_title != *current_title.borrow() {
                     if let Some(title) = &render_output.side_effects.window_title {
@@ -211,7 +234,6 @@ impl<M: Mountable> MountedApp<M> {
                 );
                 let layout_us = t_layout.elapsed().as_micros();
 
-                // Compute and send min-size hint: max of layout min and explicit window min.
                 let desired_min = UiSize::new(
                     root_min_size
                         .width
@@ -220,11 +242,32 @@ impl<M: Mountable> MountedApp<M> {
                         .height
                         .max(explicit_min_size.map_or(0.0, |s| s.height)),
                 );
+                if window_resizable {
                     let current_min = *last_min_size.borrow();
                     if current_min != Some(desired_min) {
                         let _ = window.update(WindowUpdate::new().min_inner_size(Some(desired_min)));
                         *last_min_size.borrow_mut() = Some(desired_min);
                     }
+                } else {
+                    let desired_fixed = UiSize::new(
+                        desired_min
+                            .width
+                            .min(explicit_max_size.map_or(f32::INFINITY, |s| s.width)),
+                        desired_min
+                            .height
+                            .min(explicit_max_size.map_or(f32::INFINITY, |s| s.height)),
+                    );
+                    let current_fixed = *last_fixed_size.borrow();
+                    if current_fixed != Some(desired_fixed) {
+                        let _ = window.update(
+                            WindowUpdate::new()
+                                .requested_inner_size(Some(desired_fixed))
+                                .min_inner_size(Some(desired_fixed))
+                                .max_inner_size(Some(desired_fixed)),
+                        );
+                        *last_fixed_size.borrow_mut() = Some(desired_fixed);
+                    }
+                }
                 let effect_us = t_effect.elapsed().as_micros();
 
                 tracing::debug!(
@@ -355,10 +398,15 @@ impl<M: Mountable> MountedApp<M> {
             .last()
             .map(|target| target.cursor)
             .unwrap_or(ruin_ui::CursorIcon::Default);
+        let hovered_ids = Self::interaction_ids(pointer_router.hovered_targets());
+        let pressed_ids = Self::interaction_ids(pointer_router.pressed_targets());
         if next_cursor != input_state.current_cursor {
             input_state.current_cursor = next_cursor;
             window.set_cursor_icon(next_cursor)?;
         }
+        if Self::update_interaction_state(input_state, hovered_ids, pressed_ids) {
+            input_state.interaction_version.update(|value| *value += 1);
+        }
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -458,6 +506,32 @@ impl<M: Mountable> MountedApp<M> {
 
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    fn interaction_ids(targets: &[ruin_ui::HitTarget]) -> Vec<ruin_ui::ElementId> {
+        targets.iter().filter_map(|target| target.element_id).collect()
+    }
+
+    fn update_interaction_state(
+        input_state: &mut InputState,
+        hovered_ids: Vec<ruin_ui::ElementId>,
+        pressed_ids: Vec<ruin_ui::ElementId>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        let previous_hovered = input_state.hovered_elements.get();
+        let previous_pressed = input_state.pressed_elements.get();
+        let hovered_changed = input_state.hovered_elements.set(hovered_ids.clone()).is_some();
+        let pressed_changed = input_state.pressed_elements.set(pressed_ids.clone()).is_some();
+        if hovered_changed || pressed_changed {
+            tracing::trace!(
+                target: "ruin_app::interaction",
+                hovered_before = ?previous_hovered,
+                hovered_after = ?hovered_ids,
+                pressed_before = ?previous_pressed,
+                pressed_after = ?pressed_ids,
+                "interaction state changed"
+            );
+        }
+        hovered_changed || pressed_changed
+    }
 }
 
 #[doc(hidden)]

lib/ruin_app/src/context.rs

@@ -29,6 +29,12 @@ pub(crate) struct RenderState {
     pub(crate) next_element_id: StdCell<u64>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) struct InteractionSnapshot {
+    pub(crate) hovered: Vec<ElementId>,
+    pub(crate) pressed: Vec<ElementId>,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Default)]
 pub(crate) struct RenderSideEffects {
     pub(crate) window_title: Option<String>,
@@ -42,6 +48,7 @@ pub(crate) struct RenderContext {
     pub(crate) element_index: Rc<StdCell<usize>>,
     pub(crate) side_effects: Rc<RefCell<RenderSideEffects>>,
     pub(crate) context_entries: Rc<Vec<ContextEntry>>,
+    pub(crate) interaction: Rc<InteractionSnapshot>,
 }
 
 impl RenderContext {
@@ -52,6 +59,7 @@ impl RenderContext {
             element_index: Rc::clone(&self.element_index),
             side_effects: Rc::clone(&self.side_effects),
             context_entries,
+            interaction: Rc::clone(&self.interaction),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -68,6 +76,14 @@ thread_local! {
 pub(crate) fn render_with_context(
     state: Rc<RenderState>,
     render: impl FnOnce() -> View,
+) -> RenderOutput {
+    render_with_context_and_interaction(state, Rc::new(InteractionSnapshot::default()), render)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn render_with_context_and_interaction(
+    state: Rc<RenderState>,
+    interaction: Rc<InteractionSnapshot>,
+    render: impl FnOnce() -> View,
 ) -> RenderOutput {
     let context = RenderContext {
         state,
@@ -75,6 +91,7 @@ pub(crate) fn render_with_context(
         element_index: Rc::new(StdCell::new(0)),
         side_effects: Rc::new(RefCell::new(RenderSideEffects::default())),
         context_entries: Rc::new(Vec::new()),
+        interaction,
     };
 
     let view = with_render_context(context.clone(), render);

lib/ruin_app/src/hooks.rs

@@ -155,6 +155,11 @@ pub fn use_window_title(compute: impl FnOnce() -> String) {
 pub enum Key {
     Character(char),
     Enter,
+    Backspace,
+    Escape,
+    Delete,
+    ArrowLeft,
+    ArrowRight,
     ArrowUp,
     ArrowDown,
     Home,
@@ -169,6 +174,11 @@ impl Key {
                 .next()
                 .is_some_and(|actual| actual.eq_ignore_ascii_case(expected)),
             (Self::Enter, KeyboardKey::Enter) => true,
+            (Self::Backspace, KeyboardKey::Backspace) => true,
+            (Self::Escape, KeyboardKey::Escape) => true,
+            (Self::Delete, KeyboardKey::Delete) => true,
+            (Self::ArrowLeft, KeyboardKey::ArrowLeft) => true,
+            (Self::ArrowRight, KeyboardKey::ArrowRight) => true,
             (Self::ArrowUp, KeyboardKey::ArrowUp) => true,
             (Self::ArrowDown, KeyboardKey::ArrowDown) => true,
             (Self::Home, KeyboardKey::Home) => true,
@@ -209,12 +219,27 @@ impl Shortcut {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn matches(&self, event: &KeyboardEvent) -> bool {
-        event.kind == KeyboardEventKind::Pressed
+        if event.kind != KeyboardEventKind::Pressed {
-            && self.key.matches(event)
+            return false;
-            && event.modifiers.control == self.control
+        }
-            && event.modifiers.shift == self.shift
+        if !self.key.matches(event) {
-            && event.modifiers.alt == self.alt
+            return false;
-            && event.modifiers.super_key == self.super_key
+        }
+        if event.modifiers.control != self.control {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if event.modifiers.alt != self.alt {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if event.modifiers.super_key != self.super_key {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // For character shortcuts the produced character already encodes the shift
+        // state, so don't additionally require that Shift is (un)held.
+        if !matches!(self.key, Key::Character(_)) && event.modifiers.shift != self.shift {
+            return false;
+        }
+        true
     }
 }
 
@@ -223,6 +248,12 @@ pub struct FocusScope {
     pub(crate) element_id: Signal<Option<ElementId>>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct InteractionState {
+    pub hovered: bool,
+    pub pressed: bool,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub enum ShortcutScope {
     Application,
@@ -296,6 +327,18 @@ pub fn use_widget_ref<T: 'static>() -> WidgetRef<T> {
     })
 }
 
+pub fn use_interaction_state<T: 'static>(widget_ref: WidgetRef<T>) -> InteractionState {
+    with_render_context_state(|context| {
+        let Some(element_id) = widget_ref.element_id() else {
+            return InteractionState::default();
+        };
+        InteractionState {
+            hovered: context.interaction.hovered.contains(&element_id),
+            pressed: context.interaction.pressed.contains(&element_id),
+        }
+    })
+}
+
 pub fn use_shortcut(shortcut: Shortcut, scope: ShortcutScope, action: impl Fn() + 'static) {
     use_shortcut_with_context(shortcut, scope, move |_| action());
 }
@@ -371,4 +414,3 @@ where
         |slot: &mut ResourceSlot<T, E>| slot.resource.clone(),
     )
 }
-

lib/ruin_app/src/input.rs

@@ -124,6 +124,9 @@ pub(crate) struct InputState {
     pub(crate) current_cursor: CursorIcon,
     pub(crate) focused_element: Option<ElementId>,
     pub(crate) text_selection: Rc<TextSelectionState>,
+    pub(crate) hovered_elements: Signal<Vec<ElementId>>,
+    pub(crate) pressed_elements: Signal<Vec<ElementId>>,
+    pub(crate) interaction_version: Signal<u64>,
 }
 
 impl InputState {
@@ -132,6 +135,9 @@ impl InputState {
             current_cursor: CursorIcon::Default,
             focused_element: None,
             text_selection: Rc::new(TextSelectionState::new()),
+            hovered_elements: Signal::new(Vec::new()),
+            pressed_elements: Signal::new(Vec::new()),
+            interaction_version: Signal::new(0),
         }
     }
 }

lib/ruin_app/src/lib.rs

@@ -23,9 +23,10 @@ pub mod view;
 pub use app::{App, Component, ContextKey, MountedApp, Mountable, Window, __render_mountable_for_test};
 pub use converters::{IntoBorder, IntoEdges, IntoShadow};
 pub use hooks::{
-    BlockWidget, FocusScope, Key, Memo, Resource, ResourceState, ScrollBoxWidget, Shortcut,
+    BlockWidget, FocusScope, InteractionState, Key, Memo, Resource, ResourceState,
-    ShortcutScope, Signal, WidgetRef, provide, use_context, use_effect, use_memo, use_resource,
+    ScrollBoxWidget, Shortcut, ShortcutScope, Signal, WidgetRef, provide, use_context,
-    use_shortcut, use_shortcut_with_context, use_signal, use_widget_ref, use_window_title,
+    use_effect, use_interaction_state, use_memo, use_resource, use_shortcut,
+    use_shortcut_with_context, use_signal, use_widget_ref, use_window_title,
 };
 pub use primitives::{
     ButtonBuilder, ContainerBuilder, ContainerProps, FontWeight, ScrollBoxBuilder, TextBuilder,
@@ -59,19 +60,20 @@ pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Box<dyn Error>>;
 pub mod prelude {
     pub use crate::{
         App, BlockWidget, ButtonBuilder, ChildViews, Children, Component, ContainerBuilder,
-        ContextKey, FocusScope, FontWeight, IntoBorder, IntoEdges, IntoView, Key, Memo, Mountable,
+        ContextKey, FocusScope, FontWeight, InteractionState, IntoBorder, IntoEdges, IntoView,
-        Pending, Ready, Resource, ResourceState, Result, ScrollBoxBuilder, ScrollBoxWidget,
+        Key, Memo, Mountable, Pending, Ready, Resource, ResourceState, Result, ScrollBoxBuilder,
-        Shortcut, ShortcutScope, Signal, TextBuilder, TextChildren, TextRole, TextValue, View,
+        ScrollBoxWidget, Shortcut, ShortcutScope, Signal, TextBuilder, TextChildren, TextRole,
-        WidgetRef, Window, block, button, colors, column, component, context_provider, provide,
+        TextValue, View, WidgetRef, Window, block, button, colors, column, component,
-        row, scroll_box, surfaces, text, use_context, use_effect, use_memo, use_resource,
+        context_provider, provide, row, scroll_box, surfaces, text, use_context, use_effect,
-        use_shortcut, use_shortcut_with_context, use_signal, use_widget_ref, use_window_title,
+        use_interaction_state, use_memo, use_resource, use_shortcut, use_shortcut_with_context,
-        view,
+        use_signal, use_widget_ref, use_window_title, view,
     };
     pub use ruin_ui::{
         AlignItems, Border, Color, CursorIcon, Edges, Element, ElementId, InteractionTree,
         PointerButton, PointerEventKind, RoutedPointerEvent, RoutedPointerEventKind,
         ScrollbarStyle, TextFontFamily, TextStyle, TextWrap, UiSize,
     };
+    pub use crate::PartialTextStyle;
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -84,7 +86,9 @@ mod tests {
     use ruin_ui::{KeyboardModifiers, Point, WindowSpec};
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::context::{RenderState, render_with_context};
+    use crate::context::{
+        InteractionSnapshot, RenderState, render_with_context, render_with_context_and_interaction,
+    };
     use crate::input::{
         InputState, KeyHandler, focused_element_for_pointer, scroll_handler_for_event,
     };
@@ -177,6 +181,53 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(debug.contains("body child"), "{debug}");
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn interaction_state_tracks_hover_and_press_for_widget_refs() {
+        let render_state = Rc::new(RenderState::default());
+        let hovered = Rc::new(RefCell::new(None::<bool>));
+        let pressed = Rc::new(RefCell::new(None::<bool>));
+        let widget_ref_slot = Rc::new(RefCell::new(None::<WidgetRef<BlockWidget>>));
+
+        let _ = render_with_context(Rc::clone(&render_state), {
+            let hovered = Rc::clone(&hovered);
+            let pressed = Rc::clone(&pressed);
+            let widget_ref_slot = Rc::clone(&widget_ref_slot);
+            move || {
+                let widget_ref = use_widget_ref::<BlockWidget>();
+                *hovered.borrow_mut() = Some(use_interaction_state(widget_ref.clone()).hovered);
+                *pressed.borrow_mut() = Some(use_interaction_state(widget_ref.clone()).pressed);
+                *widget_ref_slot.borrow_mut() = Some(widget_ref.clone());
+                block().widget_ref(widget_ref).children(())
+            }
+        });
+
+        let widget_ref = widget_ref_slot.borrow().clone().expect("widget ref should be set");
+        let element_id = widget_ref
+            .element_id()
+            .expect("widget ref should have an element id after render");
+        let _ = render_with_context_and_interaction(
+            render_state,
+            Rc::new(InteractionSnapshot {
+                hovered: vec![element_id],
+                pressed: vec![element_id],
+            }),
+            {
+                let hovered = Rc::clone(&hovered);
+                let pressed = Rc::clone(&pressed);
+                let widget_ref_slot = Rc::clone(&widget_ref_slot);
+                move || {
+                    let widget_ref = widget_ref_slot.borrow().clone().expect("widget ref should persist");
+                    *hovered.borrow_mut() = Some(use_interaction_state(widget_ref.clone()).hovered);
+                    *pressed.borrow_mut() = Some(use_interaction_state(widget_ref.clone()).pressed);
+                    block().widget_ref(widget_ref).children(())
+                }
+            },
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(*hovered.borrow(), Some(true));
+        assert_eq!(*pressed.borrow(), Some(true));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn key_dispatch_prefers_the_nearest_focused_ancestor_handler() {
         use ruin_ui::{ElementId, KeyboardEvent, KeyboardEventKind, KeyboardKey};

lib/ruin_app/src/primitives/button.rs

@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@ pub fn button() -> ButtonBuilder {
 impl ButtonBuilder {
     impl_props_methods!();
 
+    pub fn shadow(mut self, shadow: impl crate::converters::IntoShadow) -> Self {
+        self.props = self.props.shadow(shadow);
+        self
+    }
+
     pub fn on_press(mut self, handler: impl Fn(&RoutedPointerEvent) + 'static) -> Self {
         self.on_press = Some(Rc::new(handler));
         self
@@ -44,6 +49,9 @@ impl ButtonBuilder {
     pub fn children(mut self, children: impl Children) -> View {
         let id = allocate_element_id();
         self.props.element = self.props.element.id(id);
+        if let Some(widget_ref) = &self.props.widget_ref {
+            let _ = widget_ref.set(Some(id));
+        }
         let had_style = self.props.partial_text_style.is_some();
         if let Some(style) = self.props.partial_text_style.take() {
             push_text_style(style);

lib/ruin_app/src/primitives/container.rs

@@ -128,16 +128,6 @@ pub fn block() -> ContainerBuilder {
 impl ContainerBuilder {
     impl_props_methods!();
 
-    pub fn align_items(mut self, align: AlignItems) -> Self {
-        self.props = self.props.align_items(align);
-        self
-    }
-
-    pub fn align_self(mut self, align: AlignItems) -> Self {
-        self.props = self.props.align_self(align);
-        self
-    }
-
     pub fn shadow(mut self, shadow: impl IntoShadow) -> Self {
         self.props = self.props.shadow(shadow);
         self

lib/ruin_app/src/primitives/mod.rs

@@ -45,6 +45,14 @@ macro_rules! impl_props_methods {
             self.props = self.props.flex(flex);
             self
         }
+        pub fn align_items(mut self, align: ruin_ui::AlignItems) -> Self {
+            self.props = self.props.align_items(align);
+            self
+        }
+        pub fn align_self(mut self, align: ruin_ui::AlignItems) -> Self {
+            self.props = self.props.align_self(align);
+            self
+        }
         pub fn widget_ref<T>(mut self, widget_ref: $crate::hooks::WidgetRef<T>) -> Self {
             self.props = self.props.widget_ref(widget_ref);
             self

lib/runtime/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# RUIN - Runtime
+
+The RUIN runtime is an event-loop-per-thread, non-workstealing async executor implemented on top of Linux io_uring
+with 

lib/runtime/src/fs.rs

@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@
 //! The public surface intentionally mirrors `std::fs` where that shape makes sense, while using
 //! async methods for operations that may block the caller.
 
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+
 use std::ffi::OsStr;
 use std::io;
 use std::os::fd::{AsRawFd, OwnedFd};
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
-use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use crate::op::fs::{
     FileType as RawFileType, FsOp, MetadataTarget, OpenOptions as OpOpenOptions,

lib/runtime/src/lib.rs

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ pub mod net;
 pub mod op;
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub mod platform;
+pub mod stdio;
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub mod sys;
 pub mod time;

lib/runtime/src/net.rs

@@ -3,14 +3,15 @@
 //! The public surface follows the general shape of `std::net`, but uses async methods for socket
 //! operations that would otherwise block the caller.
 
-use std::future::Future;
+use core::future::Future;
+use core::pin::Pin;
+use core::task::{Context, Poll};
+use core::time::Duration;
+
 use std::io;
 use std::net::{Shutdown, SocketAddr, ToSocketAddrs};
 use std::os::fd::{AsRawFd, FromRawFd, OwnedFd, RawFd};
-use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-use std::task::{Context, Poll};
-use std::time::Duration;
 
 use hyper::rt::{Read as HyperRead, ReadBufCursor, Write as HyperWrite};
 

lib/runtime/src/platform/linux_x86_64/driver.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-//! Public runtime driver primitives.
+//! RUIN Runtime Driver for Linux x86_64.
+//! 
+//! 
 
 use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
@@ -88,12 +90,21 @@ pub struct ReadyEvents {
 
 /// Low-level Linux runtime driver backed by `io_uring`.
 pub struct Driver {
+    /// The `io_uring` instance driving this runtime thread.
     ring: IoUring,
+    /// Shared notifier that other threads can use to wake this runtime thread.
     notifier: Arc<NotifierInner>,
+    /// Next sequence number for generated completion tokens.
     next_token: Cell<u64>,
+    /// The token of the currently active timer, if any timer is armed.
     active_timer_token: Cell<Option<u64>>,
+    /// Accumulated count of pending wake notifications that have not yet been triggered.
     pending_wakes: Cell<u64>,
+    /// Accumulated count of pending timer expirations that have not yet been triggered.
     pending_timers: Cell<u64>,
+    /// Map of active completion tokens to associated handlers. When a CQE is received with a token in this map, the
+    /// corresponding handler will be invoked with the CQE and removed from the map. This is the core mechanism by which
+    /// async operations are tracked and dispatched to their continuations.
     completions: RefCell<HashMap<u64, CompletionHandler>>,
 }
 

lib/runtime/src/stdio.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+//! Async standard-input helpers.
+
+use std::cell::Cell;
+use std::io;
+use std::os::fd::{AsRawFd, FromRawFd, OwnedFd, RawFd};
+use std::thread;
+
+use crate::op::completion::completion_for_current_thread;
+use crate::platform::linux_x86_64::runtime::with_current_driver;
+use crate::platform::linux_x86_64::uring::{IORING_OP_READ, IoUringCqe, IoUringSqe};
+
+thread_local! {
+    static STDIN_URING_SUPPORTED: Cell<Option<bool>> = const { Cell::new(None) };
+}
+
+const FILE_CURSOR: u64 = u64::MAX;
+const READ_CHUNK_BYTES: usize = 1024;
+
+/// Async line-oriented stdin reader.
+///
+/// The reader is `io_uring`-first. When the active stdin fd rejects `IORING_OP_READ`, the module
+/// falls back to a helper-thread blocking read on the same duplicated fd.
+pub struct Stdin {
+    fd: OwnedFd,
+    buffer: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+/// Opens an async stdin reader.
+pub fn stdin() -> io::Result<Stdin> {
+    let raw = cvt(unsafe { libc::fcntl(libc::STDIN_FILENO, libc::F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0) })?;
+    Ok(Stdin {
+        fd: unsafe { OwnedFd::from_raw_fd(raw) },
+        buffer: Vec::new(),
+    })
+}
+
+impl Stdin {
+    /// Reads a single UTF-8 line, including the trailing newline when present.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `Ok(None)` on EOF.
+    pub async fn read_line(&mut self) -> io::Result<Option<String>> {
+        loop {
+            if let Some(index) = self.buffer.iter().position(|byte| *byte == b'\n') {
+                let line = self.buffer.drain(..=index).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                return decode_line(line).map(Some);
+            }
+
+            let chunk = self.read_chunk().await?;
+            if chunk.is_empty() {
+                if self.buffer.is_empty() {
+                    return Ok(None);
+                }
+                let line = std::mem::take(&mut self.buffer);
+                return decode_line(line).map(Some);
+            }
+
+            self.buffer.extend_from_slice(&chunk);
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn read_chunk(&self) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        let fd = self.fd.as_raw_fd();
+        let support = STDIN_URING_SUPPORTED.with(Cell::get);
+        if support != Some(false) {
+            match submit_uring_read(fd, READ_CHUNK_BYTES).await {
+                Ok(bytes) => {
+                    STDIN_URING_SUPPORTED.with(|state| state.set(Some(true)));
+                    return Ok(bytes);
+                }
+                Err(error) if should_fallback_to_offload(&error) => {
+                    STDIN_URING_SUPPORTED.with(|state| state.set(Some(false)));
+                }
+                Err(error) => return Err(error),
+            }
+        }
+
+        offload(move || {
+            let mut buffer = vec![0; READ_CHUNK_BYTES];
+            let read = blocking_read(fd, &mut buffer)?;
+            if read == 0 {
+                buffer.clear();
+            } else {
+                buffer.truncate(read);
+            }
+            Ok(buffer)
+        })
+        .await
+    }
+}
+
+async fn offload<T: Send + 'static>(
+    task: impl FnOnce() -> io::Result<T> + Send + 'static,
+) -> io::Result<T> {
+    let (future, handle) = completion_for_current_thread::<io::Result<T>>();
+    thread::Builder::new()
+        .name("ruin-runtime-stdio-offload".into())
+        .spawn(move || handle.complete(task()))
+        .map_err(io::Error::other)?;
+    future.await
+}
+
+async fn submit_uring_read(fd: RawFd, len: usize) -> io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    let mut buffer = vec![0; len];
+    let ptr = buffer.as_mut_ptr();
+    let capacity = buffer.len();
+    submit_uring(
+        move |sqe| {
+            sqe.opcode = IORING_OP_READ;
+            sqe.fd = fd;
+            sqe.addr = ptr as u64;
+            sqe.len = capacity as u32;
+            sqe.off = FILE_CURSOR;
+        },
+        move |cqe| {
+            let read = cqe_to_result(cqe)? as usize;
+            buffer.truncate(read);
+            Ok(buffer)
+        },
+    )
+    .await
+}
+
+async fn submit_uring<T: Send + 'static, M>(
+    fill: impl FnOnce(&mut IoUringSqe),
+    map: M,
+) -> io::Result<T>
+where
+    M: FnOnce(IoUringCqe) -> io::Result<T> + Send + 'static,
+{
+    let (future, handle) = completion_for_current_thread::<io::Result<T>>();
+    let callback_handle = handle.clone();
+    let token = with_current_driver(|driver| {
+        driver.submit_operation(fill, move |cqe| {
+            callback_handle.complete(map(cqe));
+        })
+    })?;
+
+    handle.set_cancel(move || {
+        let _ = with_current_driver(|driver| driver.cancel_operation(token));
+    });
+
+    future.await
+}
+
+fn blocking_read(fd: RawFd, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+    loop {
+        let read = unsafe {
+            libc::read(
+                fd,
+                buffer.as_mut_ptr().cast::<libc::c_void>(),
+                buffer.len(),
+            )
+        };
+        if read >= 0 {
+            return Ok(read as usize);
+        }
+
+        let error = io::Error::last_os_error();
+        if error.kind() == io::ErrorKind::Interrupted {
+            continue;
+        }
+        return Err(error);
+    }
+}
+
+fn decode_line(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> io::Result<String> {
+    String::from_utf8(bytes).map_err(|error| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, error))
+}
+
+fn cqe_to_result(cqe: IoUringCqe) -> io::Result<i32> {
+    if cqe.res < 0 {
+        Err(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(-cqe.res))
+    } else {
+        Ok(cqe.res)
+    }
+}
+
+fn should_fallback_to_offload(error: &io::Error) -> bool {
+    matches!(
+        error.raw_os_error(),
+        Some(libc::EINVAL | libc::ENOSYS | libc::EOPNOTSUPP)
+    )
+}
+
+fn cvt(value: libc::c_int) -> io::Result<libc::c_int> {
+    if value == -1 {
+        Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
+    } else {
+        Ok(value)
+    }
+}

lib/runtime/src/time.rs

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 //! These helpers integrate with the runtime's timer queue and are designed to be used from
 //! futures scheduled with [`crate::queue_future`] or one of the runtime entry macros.
 
-use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
+use alloc::rc::Rc;
-use std::fmt;
+use core::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
-use std::future::{Future, poll_fn};
+use core::fmt;
-use std::pin::Pin;
+use core::future::{Future, poll_fn};
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use core::pin::Pin;
-use std::task::Waker;
+use core::task::Waker;
-use std::task::{Context, Poll};
+use core::task::{Context, Poll};
-use std::time::Duration;
+use core::time::Duration;
 
 use crate::{clear_timeout, set_timeout};
 

lib/ui/src/interaction.rs

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pub struct RoutedPointerEvent {
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct PointerRouter {
     hovered: Vec<HitTarget>,
-    pressed: Option<HitTarget>,
+    pressed: Option<Vec<HitTarget>>,
 }
 
 impl PointerRouter {
@@ -71,7 +71,11 @@ impl PointerRouter {
     }
 
     pub fn pressed_target(&self) -> Option<&HitTarget> {
-        self.pressed.as_ref()
+        self.pressed.as_ref().and_then(|targets| targets.last())
+    }
+
+    pub fn pressed_targets(&self) -> &[HitTarget] {
+        self.pressed.as_deref().unwrap_or(&[])
     }
 
     pub fn route(
@@ -114,7 +118,12 @@ impl PointerRouter {
 
         match event.kind {
             PointerEventKind::Move => {
-                if let Some(target) = self.pressed.clone().or(hit_target.clone()) {
+                if let Some(target) = self
+                    .pressed
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .and_then(|targets| targets.last().cloned())
+                    .or(hit_target.clone())
+                {
                     routed.push(RoutedPointerEvent {
                         kind: RoutedPointerEventKind::Move,
                         target,
@@ -125,7 +134,7 @@ impl PointerRouter {
             }
             PointerEventKind::Down { button } => {
                 if let Some(target) = hit_target {
-                    self.pressed = Some(target.clone());
+                    self.pressed = Some(self.hovered.clone());
                     routed.push(RoutedPointerEvent {
                         kind: RoutedPointerEventKind::Down { button },
                         target,
@@ -135,7 +144,12 @@ impl PointerRouter {
                 }
             }
             PointerEventKind::Up { button } => {
-                if let Some(target) = self.pressed.take().or(hit_target) {
+                if let Some(target) = self
+                    .pressed
+                    .take()
+                    .and_then(|targets| targets.last().cloned())
+                    .or(hit_target)
+                {
                     routed.push(RoutedPointerEvent {
                         kind: RoutedPointerEventKind::Up { button },
                         target,

lib/ui_platform_wayland/src/lib.rs

@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ enum InternalBackendEvent {
 
 struct State {
     running: bool,
+    fixed_size_request: Option<(u32, u32)>,
     _connection: Connection,
     _compositor: wl_compositor::WlCompositor,
     _surface: wl_surface::WlSurface,
@@ -232,6 +233,18 @@ impl State {
     }
 }
 
+fn fixed_size_request_for_spec(spec: &WindowSpec) -> Option<(u32, u32)> {
+    if spec.resizable {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let size = spec
+        .requested_inner_size
+        .or(spec.min_inner_size)
+        .or(spec.max_inner_size)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| UiSize::new(800.0, 500.0));
+    Some((size.width.max(1.0).round() as u32, size.height.max(1.0).round() as u32))
+}
+
 fn wayland_cursor_shape(icon: CursorIcon) -> wp_cursor_shape_device_v1::Shape {
     match icon {
         CursorIcon::Default => wp_cursor_shape_device_v1::Shape::Default,
@@ -364,6 +377,7 @@ impl WaylandWindow {
             surface_target,
             state: State {
                 running: true,
+                fixed_size_request: fixed_size_request_for_spec(&spec),
                 _connection: connection,
                 _compositor: compositor,
                 _surface: surface,
@@ -697,6 +711,7 @@ impl WaylandWindow {
     }
 
     pub fn apply_spec(&mut self, spec: &WindowSpec) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+        self.state.fixed_size_request = fixed_size_request_for_spec(spec);
         self.state._toplevel.set_title(spec.title.clone());
         if let Some(app_id) = spec.app_id.as_ref() {
             self.state._toplevel.set_app_id(app_id.clone());
@@ -732,6 +747,14 @@ impl WaylandWindow {
         }
 
         if let Some((width, height)) = self.state.pending_size.take() {
+            trace!(
+                target: "ruin_ui_platform_wayland::resize",
+                width,
+                height,
+                previous_width = self.state.current_size.0,
+                previous_height = self.state.current_size.1,
+                "prepare_frame observed pending size change"
+            );
             self.state.current_size = (width, height);
             self.state.needs_redraw = false;
             return Some(FrameRequest {
@@ -742,6 +765,12 @@ impl WaylandWindow {
         }
 
         if self.state.needs_redraw {
+            trace!(
+                target: "ruin_ui_platform_wayland::resize",
+                width = self.state.current_size.0,
+                height = self.state.current_size.1,
+                "prepare_frame servicing redraw without size change"
+            );
             self.state.needs_redraw = false;
             return Some(FrameRequest {
                 width: self.state.current_size.0,
@@ -2101,6 +2130,14 @@ impl Dispatch<xdg_surface::XdgSurface, ()> for State {
         if let xdg_surface::Event::Configure { serial } = event {
             xdg_surface.ack_configure(serial);
             state.configured = true;
+            trace!(
+                target: "ruin_ui_platform_wayland::resize",
+                serial,
+                current_width = state.current_size.0,
+                current_height = state.current_size.1,
+                has_pending_size = state.pending_size.is_some(),
+                "received xdg_surface configure"
+            );
             state.request_redraw();
         }
     }
@@ -2153,7 +2190,37 @@ impl Dispatch<xdg_toplevel::XdgToplevel, ()> for State {
                     height,
                     "received Wayland toplevel configure"
                 );
-                state.pending_size = Some((width, height));
+                let next_size = (width, height);
+                if let Some(expected_size) = state.fixed_size_request {
+                    if next_size != expected_size {
+                        trace!(
+                            target: "ruin_ui_platform_wayland::resize",
+                            width,
+                            height,
+                            expected_width = expected_size.0,
+                            expected_height = expected_size.1,
+                            "ignoring stale toplevel configure for fixed-size window"
+                        );
+                        state.request_redraw();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                let size_changed =
+                    next_size != state.current_size && state.pending_size != Some(next_size);
+                trace!(
+                    target: "ruin_ui_platform_wayland::resize",
+                    width,
+                    height,
+                    current_width = state.current_size.0,
+                    current_height = state.current_size.1,
+                    pending_width = state.pending_size.map(|size| size.0),
+                    pending_height = state.pending_size.map(|size| size.1),
+                    size_changed,
+                    "processed Wayland toplevel configure"
+                );
+                if size_changed {
+                    state.pending_size = Some(next_size);
+                }
                 state.request_redraw();
             }
             _ => {}